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Positronic lithium and the many-body problem

机译:正电子锂和多体问题

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摘要

At one level, physics is simply about interactions between particles. In a sense, then, it fails miserably, because if more than two particles or bodies are involved, no general solution can be found to their equations of motion — only partial solutions for special cases. The many-body problem troubled such celebrated scientists as Newton and Poincare, and as the world we live in is dominated by many-body inter-actions, it is a highly relevant problem. A surprising new tool to explore the many-body problem has been found in atomic physics: G. G. Ryzhikh and J. Mitroy, of the Northern Territory University, Australia, have shown that it should be possible to attach a positron to a neutral lithium atom. Why is this useful? To explain that, a brief excursion into chaos and quantum mechanics is required. By considering the three-body problem, Poincare' grasped the significance of chaos in classical mechanics — that the behaviour of even simple systems can be exponentially sensitive to initial conditions, making it impossible to predict beyond a certain timescale. In other words, although all classical many-body systems are deterministic, many have no tractable solutions.
机译:一方面,物理学只是关于粒子之间的相互作用。从某种意义上讲,它是惨不忍睹的,因为如果涉及两个以上的粒子或物体,则无法找到它们的运动方程的一般解,只有特殊情况的部分解。多体问题困扰着牛顿和庞加莱等著名科学家,而且由于我们生活的世界由多体相互作用主导,因此这是一个高度相关的问题。在原子物理学中发现了一种探索多体问题的令人惊讶的新工具:澳大利亚北领地大学的G. G. Ryzhikh和J. Mitroy表明,应该有可能将正电子连接到中性锂原子上。为什么这有用?为了解释这一点,需要简要介绍一下混沌和量子力学。通过考虑三体问题,庞加莱(Poincare)掌握了经典力学中混沌的重要性-即使是简单系统的行为也可能对初始条件呈指数敏感,从而无法在一定时间范围内进行预测。换句话说,尽管所有经典的多体系统都是确定性的,但许多系统都没有可解决的解决方案。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |1998年第6666期|p.439|共1页
  • 作者

    J.-P. Connerade;

  • 作者单位
  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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