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Neural noise limitations on infant visual sensitivity.

机译：神经噪声对婴儿视觉敏感性的限制。

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摘要

Visual contrast sensitivity is poor in newborn human infants, but improves rapidly to approach adult levels by 8 months of age. During this period, infant sensitivity can be limited by physical factors affecting photon capture, such as eye size and photoreceptor density. Here we show that infant visual sensitivity is also limited by high levels of noise in the neural transduction process. Using a non-invasive electrophysiological measurement and a visual noise titration technique, we have found that intrinsic neural noise in neonates is approximately nine times higher than in adults. As intrinsic neural noise decreases during infancy, contrast sensitivity improves proportionally, suggesting that neural noise places critical limits on contrast sensitivity throughout development. Moreover, contrast gain control, an inhibitory process that adjusts visual responses to changing stimulation, is in place and operating in infants as young as 6 weeks of age, in spite of high levels of neural noise and significant immaturities in contrast sensitivity. The contrast gain control that we observed in human neonates may serve as a building block for more complex forms of visual inhibition, which develop later in infancy.
机译：新生婴儿的视觉对比敏感度较差，但到8个月大时迅速提高至成人水平。在此期间，婴儿的敏感度可能会受到影响光子捕获的物理因素（例如眼睛大小和感光器密度）的限制。在这里，我们表明，婴儿的视觉敏感性也受到神经转导过程中高水平噪声的限制。使用无创电生理测量和视觉噪声滴定技术，我们发现新生儿的内在神经噪声比成人高大约九倍。随着婴儿期内在神经噪声的减少，对比敏感度成比例地提高，这表明神经噪声在整个发育过程中对对比敏感度设置了关键限制。此外，尽管神经噪声水平很高，并且对比敏感度明显不成熟，但对比度增益控制是一种调节过程，可调节视觉响应变化的刺激，该方法已在婴儿中使用，并在6周龄以下的婴儿中起作用。我们在人类新生儿中观察到的对比度增益控制可作为更复杂形式的视觉抑制的基础，后者在婴儿期发展。

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