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Oldest known sea turtle

机译:已知最古老的海龟

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摘要

Reptiles constitute a primarily terrestrial assemblage, but several groups returned to the marine environment after the first appearance of reptiles in the late Palaeozoic era. Successful diversification of the chelonioid sea turtles, particularly during the Cretaceous period, was perhaps one of the most important events in the history of turtles (and marine reptiles). The fossil record of chelonioids before the Late Cretaceous has been poorly documented. Here I report the discovery of an exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of the oldest known chelonioid, from the Early Cretaceous stage (about 110 million years before the present) of eastern Brazil. This specimen represents a new taxon, extending the history of chelonioids by 10 million years, and it sheds new light on the early evolution of the group. The limb of the specimen is a relatively primitive paddle, which still possesses movable digits as in freshwater turtles. However, the skull is specialized in the manner of later chelonioids, with large interorbital foramina that are indicative of huge lachrymal salt glands surrounding the eyes. This discovery supports the idea that the establishment of the salt-excreting system, and the occupation of a marine habitat, may have preceded the formation of rigid paddles in the history of chelonioids.
机译:爬行动物主要是陆地组合,但在古生代晚期爬行动物首次出现后,有几组返回海洋环境。螯蟹类海龟的成功多样化,特别是在白垩纪时期,可能是海龟(和海洋爬行动物)历史上最重要的事件之一。白垩纪晚期之前的类固醇的化石记录很少有记载。我在这里报告了从巴西东部的白垩纪早期(距今约1.1亿年前)发现了一个保存最完好的最古老的类螯合物骨架的发现。该标本代表了一个新的分类单元,将类固醇的历史扩展了1000万年,为该组的早期发展提供了新的思路。标本的四肢是一个相对原始的桨,像淡水龟一样仍然具有可移动的手指。但是,颅骨以后来的类鼻虫为特色,具有较大的眼眶孔,这说明眼睛周围有巨大的泪盐腺。这一发现支持了这样的观点,即盐的排泄系统的建立和海洋栖息地的占领,可能早于螯合物历史上的刚性桨叶形成之前。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |1998年第6677期|p.705-708|共4页
  • 作者

    Ren Hirayama;

  • 作者单位
  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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