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An X-ray pulsar with a super-strong magnetic field in the soft γ-ray repeater SGR1806-20

机译:软伽玛射线中继器SGR1806-20中具有超强磁场的X射线脉冲星

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Soft γ-ray repeaters (SGRs) emit multiple, brief (~0.1-s), intense outbursts of low-energy γ-rays. They are extremely rare—three are known in our Galaxy and one in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Two SGRs are associated with young supernova remnants (SNRs), and therefore most probably with neutron stars, but it remains a puzzle why SGRs are so different from 'normal' radio pulsars. Here we report the discovery of pulsations in the persistent X-ray flux of SGR1806 - 20, with a period of 7.47 s and a spindown rate of 2.6 X 10~(-3) s yr~(-1). We argue that the spindown is due to magnetic dipole emission and find that the pulsar age and (dipolar) magnetic field strength are ~1,500 years and 8 X 10~(14) gauss, respectively. Our observations demonstrate the existence of 'magnetars', neutron stars with magnetic fields about 100 times stronger than those of radio pulsars, and support earlier suggestions that SGR bursts are caused by neutron-star 'crust-quakes' produced by magnetic stresses. The 'magnetar' birth rate is about one per millennium—a substantial fraction of that of radio pulsars. Thus our results may explain why some SNRs have no radio pulsars.
机译:软γ射线中继器(SGR)发出多次,短暂(〜0.1-s)的低能γ射线强烈爆发。它们极为罕见-在我们的银河系中有3个,在大型麦哲伦星系中有3个。两个SGR与年轻的超新星残余(SNR)有关,因此很可能与中子星有关,但是SGR与“正常”射电脉冲星如此不同的原因仍然令人困惑。在这里,我们报告了SGR1806-20的持续X射线通量中脉动的发现,周期为7.47 s,降速速率为2.6 X 10〜(-3)syr〜(-1)。我们认为自旋下降是由于磁偶极子发射引起的,并且发现脉冲星年龄和(偶极)磁场强度分别为〜1,500年和8 X 10〜(14)高斯。我们的观测结果表明存在“磁场”,其中子星的磁场强度比无线电脉冲星强,​​其强度约为无线电脉冲星的100倍,并支持较早的建议,即SGR爆发是由磁应力产生的中子星“地壳地震”引起的。 “电磁”出生率大约是每千分之一,这是无线电脉冲星的相当一部分。因此,我们的结果可以解释为什么某些SNR没有无线电脉冲星。

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