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Accumulation of persistent organochlorine compounds in mountains of western Canada

机译：加拿大西部山区持久性有机氯化合物的积累

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Persistent, semi-volatile organochlorine compounds, including toxic industrial pollutants and agricultural pesticides, are found everywhere on Earth, including in pristine polar and near-polar locations. Higher than expected occurrences of these compounds in remote regions are the result of long-range transport in the atmosphere, precipitation and 'cold condensation'—the progressive volatilization in relatively warm locations and subsequent condensation in cooler environments which leads to enhanced concentrations at high latitudes. The upper reaches of high mountains are similar to high-latitude regions in that they too are characterized by relatively low average temperatures, but the accumulation of organochlorine compounds as a function of altitude has not yet been documented. Here we report organochlorine deposition in snow from mountain ranges in western Canada that show a 10- to 100-fold increase between 770 and 3,100m altitude. In the case of less-volatile compounds, the observed increase by a factor of 10 is simply due to a 10-fold increase in snowfall over the altitude range of the sampling sites. In the case of the more-volatile organochlorines, cold-condensation effects further enhance the concentration of these compounds with increasing altitude. These findings demonstrate that temperate-zone mountain regions, which tend to receive high levels of precipitation while being close to pollutant sources, are particularly susceptible to the accumulation of semivolatile organochlorine compounds.
机译：持久的，半挥发性的有机氯化合物，包括有毒的工业污染物和农业杀虫剂，在地球上的任何地方（包括原始极性和近极性位置）都被发现。这些化合物在偏远地区的发生率高于预期，是由于大气中的远距离迁移，降水和“冷凝结”的结果-在相对温暖的位置逐渐挥发，随后在较凉爽的环境中凝结，导致高纬度地区浓度增加。高山上游与高纬度地区相似，因为它们的平均温度也较低，但是有机氯化合物的积累随海拔的变化尚未得到证实。在这里，我们报告了加拿大西部山区积雪中的有机氯沉积，表明在770至3,100m高度之间的有机氯沉积增加了10到100倍。对于挥发性较低的化合物，观察到的增加量是原来的10倍，这仅仅是由于在采样地点的海拔范围内降雪量增加了10倍。对于挥发性较高的有机氯，随着海拔的升高，冷冷凝作用会进一步提高这些化合物的浓度。这些发现表明，在接近污染物源的情况下，趋于接受高水平降水的温带山区尤其容易受到半挥发性有机氯化合物的积累的影响。

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