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Young wallabies get a free ride

机译：年轻的小袋鼠搭便车

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摘要

Wallabies and kangaroos increase their speed of hopping with little increase in their use of metabolic energy, apparently by means of elastic energy savings in their hindlimb tendons. Here we report that, because of this storage capacity, female tammar wallabies can carry large young in their pouch at very low cost, with no increase in metabolic energy expenditure. In running mammals, including horses, dogs and rats, the addition of a load results in an increase in metabolic rate that is directly proportional to the load carried. This extra power requirement is presumably linked to increases in mechanical work and to the development of greater force by the muscles. There are a few cases in which this pattern is not seen. Women of the Luo and Kikuyu tribes of Kenya can carry loads equivalent to 20% of their body weight with no measurable increase in metabolic rate, an offset that means they can carry loads of up to 70% of their body weight with less than the expected 70% increase in rate of oxygen consumption. This efficiency is achieved with no increase in mechanical work, as the transfer between kinetic and potential energy components of walking is more complete.
机译：袋鼠和袋鼠在不增加新陈代谢能量的情况下增加了跳跃速度，这显然是通过节省后肢腱中的弹性能量来实现的。在这里，我们报告说，由于具有这种储存能力，雌性泰玛小袋鼠可以以非常低的成本携带大的幼小袋鼠，而不会增加新陈代谢的能量消耗。在奔跑的哺乳动物中，包括马，狗和大鼠，增加负荷会导致新陈代谢率增加，代谢率与所承受的负荷成正比。这种额外的动力需求可能与机械功的增加以及肌肉产生更大的力量有关。在某些情况下，看不到这种模式。肯尼亚的洛和基库尤部落妇女可以承受相当于其体重20％的负荷，而新陈代谢率没有可测量的增加，这意味着她们可以承受高达其体重70％的负荷，而低于预期的负荷耗氧率提高70％。由于步行的动能和势能分量之间的传递更加完整，因此无需增加机械功即可实现这种效率。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |1998年第6703期|p.653-654|共2页
  • 作者

    R. V. Baudinette; A. A. Biewener;

  • 作者单位
  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
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