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Induced magnetic fields as evidence for subsurface oceans in Europa and Callisto (see comments)

机译：感应磁场可以作为欧罗巴和卡利斯托的地下海洋的证据（请参阅评论）

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The Galileo spacecraft has been orbiting Jupiter since 7 December 1995, and encounters one of the four galilean satellites-Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto-on each orbit. Initial results from the spacecraft's magnetometer have indicated that neither Europa nor Callisto have an appreciable internal magnetic field, in contrast to Ganymede and possibly Io. Here we report perturbations of the external magnetic fields (associated with Jupiter's inner magnetosphere) in the vicinity of both Europa and Callisto. We interpret these perturbations as arising from induced magnetic fields, generated by the moons in response to the periodically varying plasma environment. Electromagnetic induction requires eddy currents to flow within the moons, and our calculations show that the most probable explanation is that there are layers of significant electrical conductivity just beneath the surfaces of both moons. We argue that these conducting layers may best be explained by the presence of salty liquid-water oceans, for which there is already indirect geological evidence in the case of Europa.
机译：自1995年12月7日以来，伽利略号航天器一直在木星上运行，并且在每个轨道上都遇到了加利利四颗卫星之一，分别是艾欧，欧罗巴，木卫三和卡利斯托。航天器磁力计的初步结果表明，与木卫三和Io相比，欧罗巴和卡利斯托都没有明显的内部磁场。在这里，我们报告欧罗巴和卡利斯托附近的外部磁场（与木星内部磁层有关）的扰动。我们将这些扰动解释为由感应磁场引起，这些磁场是由卫星响应周期性变化的等离子体环境而产生的。电磁感应需要涡流在月球内部流动，我们的计算表明，最可能的解释是在两个月球的表面下方都有明显的电导率层。我们认为，这些导电层最好用盐分液态水海洋的存在来解释，就欧罗巴而言，已经存在间接的地质证据。

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