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Extreme adaptive modification in sex ratio of the Seychelles warbler's eggs

机译：塞舌尔莺鸟卵性别比的极端适应性改变

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摘要

Young Seychelles warblers Acrocephalus sechellensis often remain in their natal territories as helpers. Helpers on low-quality territories (as measured by food availability) reduce their parents' reproductive success, whereas 1-2 helpers on high-quality territories increase their parents' reproductive success, thereby enhancing their inclusive fitness, in addition to gaining experience, and opportunities for co-breeding. Helpers are mostly females, and we have previously suggested that parents may adjust the sex of their single egg to territory quality. We therefore took blood samples from nestlings, and determined sex using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. We show that biased hatching sex ratios are caused by biased production and not by differential embryo mortality. Unhelped breeding pairs on low-quality territories produce 77% sons, whereas unhelped pairs on high-quality territories produce 13% sons. Breeding pairs that were transferred from low- to high-quality territories switched from the production of male to female eggs. Breeding pairs occupying high-quality territories switched from producing female eggs when no or one helper was present, to producing male eggs when two helpers were present in the territory.
机译：年轻的塞舌尔莺Acrocephalus sechellensis通常作为助手留在出生地。劣质地区的帮助者（以食物供应量衡量）会降低其父母的生殖成功率，而1-2位优质地区的帮助者会增加其父母的生殖成功率，从而除了获得经验外，还可以提高他们的包容性，以及共同繁殖的机会。帮手大多是女性，我们之前曾建议父母可以根据地区质量调整单卵的性别。因此，我们从雏鸟中抽取了血液样本，并使用随机扩增的多态性DNA（RAPD）标记物确定了性别。我们表明，有偏见的孵化性别比是由有偏见的生产而不是由不同的胚胎死亡率引起的。低质量地区的无助繁殖对产生77％的儿子，而高品质领域的无助繁殖对产生13％的儿子。从低地地区转移到高品质地区的育种对从雄性卵转换为雌性卵。居住在优质领土上的育种对从没有卵或只有一个助手的情况下生产雌卵，转变为在该领土上有两个助手的情况下生产雄卵。

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