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High-energy ions produced in explosions of superheated atomic clusters

机译：过热原子团簇爆炸产生的高能离子

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摘要

Efficient conversion of electromagnetic energy to particle energy is of fundamental importance in many areas of physics. A promising avenue for producing matter with unprecedented energy densities is by heating atomic clusters, an intermediate form of matter between molecules and solids, with high-intensity, ultra-short light pulses. Studies of noble-gas clusters heated with high-intensity ( > 10~(16) W cm~(-2)) laser pulses indicate that a highly ionized, very high temperature micro-plasma is produced. The explosion of these superheated clusters ejects ions with substantial kinetic energy. Here we report the direct measurement of the ion energy distributions resulting from these explosions. We find, in the case of laser-heated xenon clusters, that such explosions produce xenon ions with kinetic energies up to 1 MeV. This energy is four orders of magnitude higher than that achieved in the Coulomb explosion of small molecules, indicating a fundamental difference in the nature of intense laser-matter interactions between molecules and clusters. Moreover, it demonstrates that access to an extremely high temperature state of matter is now possible with small-scale lasers.
机译：在物理的许多领域，将电磁能有效转换为粒子能至关重要。产生具有空前能量密度的物质的一种有希望的途径是通过加热原子团簇，原子团簇是分子与固体之间物质的一种中间形式，具有高强度，超短光脉冲。对高强度（> 10〜（16）W cm〜（-2））激光脉冲加热的稀有气体团簇的研究表明，产生了高度电离的，非常高温的微等离子体。这些过热簇的爆炸会释放出具有大量动能的离子。在这里，我们报告了由这些爆炸导致的离子能量分布的直接测量。我们发现，在激光加热的氙气团簇的情况下，此类爆炸会产生动能高达1 MeV的氙离子。该能量比小分子库仑爆炸所获得的能量高四个数量级，表明分子与簇之间强烈的激光物质相互作用的本质存在根本差异。此外，它表明，使用小型激光器现在可以进入物质的极高温度状态。

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