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首页> 外文期刊>Nature >The Pax4 gene is essential for differentiation of insulin-producing beta cells in the mammalian pancreas
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The Pax4 gene is essential for differentiation of insulin-producing beta cells in the mammalian pancreas

机译：Pax4基因对于哺乳动物胰腺中产生胰岛素的β细胞的分化至关重要

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摘要

The mammalian pancreas contains two distinct cell populations: endocrine cells which secrete hormones into the bloodstream, and exocrine cells, which secrete enzymes into the digestive tract. The four endocrine cell types found in the adult pancreas-(alpha, beta, delta and PP-synthesize glucagon, insulin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide, respectively. All of these endocrine cells arise from common multipotent precursors, which coexpress several hormones when they start to differentiate. Expression of some homeobox genes in the early developing pancreas has been reported. The Pax4 gene is expressed in the early pancreas, but is later restricted to beta cells. Inactivation of Pax4 by homologous recombination results in the absence of mature insulin- and somatostatin-producing cells (beta and delta, respectively) in the pancreas of Pax4 homozygous mutant mice, but glucagon-producing alpha cells are present in considerably higher numbers. We propose that the early expression of Pax4 in a subset of endocrine progenitors is essential for the differentiation of the beta and delta cell lineages. A default pathway would explain the elevated number of alpha cells in the absence of Pax4.
机译：哺乳动物的胰腺包含两个不同的细胞群：将激素分泌到血液中的内分泌细胞和将酶分泌到消化道中的外分泌细胞。在成年胰腺中发现四种内分泌细胞类型（α，β，δ和PP合成胰高血糖素，胰岛素，生长抑素和胰腺多肽），所有这些内分泌细胞均来自共同的多能前体，它们在开始时共表达几种激素。据报道，一些同源异型框基因在早期胰腺中表达； Pax4基因在早期胰腺中表达，但后来仅限于β细胞；通过同源重组使Pax4失活导致不存在成熟的胰岛素和Pax4纯合突变小鼠胰腺中产生生长抑素的细胞（分别为β和δ），但产生胰高血糖素的α细胞的数量要高得多。我们建议Pax4在内分泌祖细胞中的早期表达对于β和δ细胞谱系的分化。默认途径可以解释缺席的α细胞数量增加ce的Pax4。

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