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Sensitization of diabetic and obese mice to insulin by retinoid X receptor agonists

机译:类维生素A X受体激动剂对糖尿病和肥胖小鼠胰岛素的敏感性

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Retinoic acid receptors (RAR), thyroid hormone receptors (TR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and the orphan receptor, LXR, bind preferentially to DNA as heterodimers with a common partner, retinoid X receptor (RXR), to regulate transcription. We investigated whether RXR-selective agonists replicate the activity of ligands for several of these receptors? We demonstrate here that RXR-selective ligands (referred to as rexinoids) function as RXR heterodimer-selective agonists, activating RXR: PPARgamma and RXR:LXR dimers but not RXR:RAR or RXR:TR heterodimers. Because PPARgamma is a target for antidiabetic agents, we investigated whether RXR ligands could alter insulin and glucose signalling. In mouse models of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and obesity, RXR agonists function as insulin sensitizers and can decrease hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. This antidiabetic activity can be further enhanced by combination treatment with PPARgamma agonists, such as thiazolidinediones. These data suggest that the RXR:PPARgamma heterodimer is a single-function complex serving as a molecular target for treatment of insulin resistance. Activation of the RXR:PPARgamma dimer with rexinoids may provide a new and effective treatment for NIDDM.
机译:维甲酸受体(RAR),甲状腺激素受体(TR),过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)和孤儿受体LXR作为异二聚体优先与DNA结合,并具有共同的伴侣维甲酸X受体(RXR),以调节转录。我们研究了RXR选择性激动剂是否复制了其中一些受体的配体活性?我们在这里证明RXR选择性配体(称为类毒素)起RXR异二聚体选择性激动剂的作用,激活RXR:PPARgamma和RXR:LXR二聚体,但不激活RXR:RAR或RXR:TR异二聚体。由于PPARgamma是抗糖尿病药的靶标,因此我们研究了RXR配体是否可以改变胰岛素和葡萄糖信号传导。在非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)和肥胖症的小鼠模型中,RXR激动剂起胰岛素增敏剂的作用,可降低高血糖症,高甘油三酸酯血症和高胰岛素血症。通过与PPARγ激动剂(如噻唑烷二酮)联合治疗,可以进一步增强这种抗糖尿病活性。这些数据表明,RXR:PPARγ异二聚体是一种单功能复合物,可作为治疗胰岛素抵抗的分子靶标。用类视色素激活RXR:PPARγ二聚体可能为NIDDM提供新的有效治疗方法。

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