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Distinct cortical areas associated with native and second languages

机译：与母语和第二语言相关的不同皮层区域

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The ability to acquire and use several languages selectively is a unique and essential human capacity. Here we investigate the fundamental question of how multiple languages are represented in a human brain. We applied functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine the spatial relationship between native and second languages in the human cortex, and show that within the frontal-lobe language-sensitive regions (Broca's area), second languages acquired in adulthood ('late' bilingual subjects) are spatially separated from native languages. However, when acquired during the early language acquisition stage of development ('early' bilingual subjects), native and second languages tend to be represented in common frontal cortical areas. In both late and early bilingual subjects, the temporal-lobe language-sensitive regions (Wernicke's area) also show effectively little or no separation of activity based on the age of language acquisition. This discovery of language-specific regions in Broca's area advances our understanding of the cortical representation that underlies multiple language functions.
机译：选择性地获取和使用多种语言的能力是一种独特且必不可少的人的能力。在这里，我们研究一个基本的问题，即人脑中如何代表多种语言。我们应用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来确定人类皮层中母语与第二语言之间的空间关系，并显示在额叶语言敏感区域（布鲁克区）中，成年后获得的第二语言（“晚期”）双语主题）在空间上与母语分开。然而，当在发展的早期语言习得阶段（“早期”双语学科）习得语言时，母语和第二语言倾向于在常见的额叶皮层区域中代表。在晚期和早期双语受试者中，颞叶对语言敏感的区域（韦尼克区）也根据语言习得的年龄有效地显示出很少或没有活动分离。 Broca区域中特定于语言的区域的这一发现使我们对构成多种语言功能基础的皮层表示法有了进一步的了解。

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