Mechanism of the biological response to winter cooling in the northeastern Arabian Sea

M. Madhupratap; S. Prasanna Kumar; P. M. A. Bhattathiri; M. Dileep Kumar; S. Raghukumar; K. K. C. Nair; N. Ramaiah

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Mechanism of the biological response to winter cooling in the northeastern Arabian Sea

机译：阿拉伯东北海冬季降温的生物学响应机制

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THE Arabian Sea is one of the most biologically productive ocean regions, mainly due to the up welling of nutrients during the summer (southwest) monsoon. But the northern Arabian Sea continues to sustain fairly high biological production after the upwelling season and during much of the 'winter (northeast) monsoon. The processes that enable this high writer productivity have hitherto been poorly understood, being variously attributed to surface cooling effects or wind-driven changes in ocean circulation. Here we present physical, .chemical and biological data that indicate that sea surface cooling drives convection processes that lead to the injection of nutrients up into the surface waters of the northeastern Arabian Sea during winter, and that this mechanism of nutrient supply is a dominant control on winter productivity. 'Observed seasonal changes in bacterial and microzooplankton populations may provide an explanation for the Arabian Sea 'paradox that mesozooplankton biomass remains more or less invariable throughout the year.

机译：阿拉伯海是生物生产力最高的海洋地区之一，主要是由于夏季（西南）季风期间养分的上升。但是在上升季节之后和整个“冬季（东北）季风”之后，阿拉伯海北部仍继续保持较高的生物产量。迄今为止，人们对使这种高记录器生产率高的过程了解甚少，这归因于地表降温效应或海洋环流的风驱动变化。在这里，我们提供了物理，化学和生物数据，这些数据表明海表冷却驱动对流过程，从而导致在冬季向阿拉伯阿拉伯海的表层水注入养分，而养分供应的这种机制是主要的控制手段冬季生产力。 '观察到的细菌和微浮游动物种群的季节性变化可能为阿拉伯海'悖论提供了解释，即中浮游生物的生物量全年或多或少保持不变。

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《Nature》 |1996年第6609期|p.549-552|共4页
作者
M. Madhupratap; S. Prasanna Kumar; P. M. A. Bhattathiri; M. Dileep Kumar; S. Raghukumar; K. K. C. Nair; N. Ramaiah;
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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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正文语种 eng
中图分类自然科学总论;
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1. Differential response of winter cooling on biological production in the northeastern Arabian Sea and northwestern Bay of Bengal [J] . R. Jyothibabu, P. A. Maheswaran, N. V. Madhu, Current Science: A Fortnightly Journal of Research . 2004,第6期

机译：冬季降温对东北阿拉伯海和孟加拉西北湾生物生产的差异响应
2. Differential response of winter cooling on biological production in the northeastern Arabian Sea and northwestern Bay of Bengal [J] . Ashraf T. T. Mohammed, Gerson Vijay John, Gopala?-krishnan T. C., Current science . 2004,第06期

机译：冬季冷却对东北阿拉伯海和孟加拉西北湾生物生产的差异响应
3. Nitrogen Uptake in the Northeastern Arabian Sea during Winter Cooling [J] . S.Kumar, R.Ramesh, R. M.Dwivedi, International Journal of Oceanography . 2010,第1期

机译：冬季降温期间东北阿拉伯海的氮吸收
4. Impact of Arabian Sea Pollutions on the Bay of Bengal Winter Monsoon Rains [C] . T. N. Krishnamurti, Arindam Chakraborty, Andrew Martin, Remote sensing and modeling of the atmosphere, oceans, and interactions II . 2008

机译：阿拉伯海污染对孟加拉湾冬季季风降雨的影响
5. NPY, CART and CCK identification in winter flounder ( Pleuronectes americanus) and winter skate (Raja ocellata ): Molecular cloning, tissue distribution and response to season and fasting. [D] . MacDonald, Erin E. 2008

机译：冬季比目鱼（Pleuronectes americanus）和冬季滑冰（Raja ocellata）的NPY，CART和CCK鉴定：分子克隆，组织分布以及对季节和禁食的反应。
6. The missing Northern European winter cooling response to Arctic sea ice loss [O] . James A. Screen -1

机译：北欧对北极海冰流失的冬季降温反应缺失
7. The oceans mediate the response of global climate to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Yet for the past 2,000 years — a key interval for understanding the present and future climate response to these forcings — global sea surface temperature changes and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly constrained. Here we present a global synthesis of sea surface temperatures for the Common Era (ce) derived from 57 individual marine reconstructions that meet strict quality control criteria. We observe a cooling trend from 1 to 1800 ce that is robust against explicit tests for potential biases in the reconstructions. Between 801 and 1800 ce, the surface cooling trend is qualitatively consistent with an independent synthesis of terrestrial temperature reconstructions, and with a sea surface temperature composite derived from an ensemble of climate model simulations using best estimates of past external radiative forcings. Climate simulations using single and cumulative forcings suggest that the ocean surface cooling trend from 801 to 1800 ce is not primarily a response to orbital forcing but arises from a high frequency of explosive volcanism. Our results show that repeated clusters of volcanic eruptions can induce a net negative radiative forcing that results in a centennial and global scale cooling trend via a decline in mixed-layer oceanic heat content. [O] . McGregor, Helen V., Evans, Michael N., Goosse, Hugues, 2015

机译：海洋调节了全球气候对自然和人为强迫的响应。然而，在过去的2,000年中（这是了解当前和未来气候对这些强迫的响应的关键间隔），全球海表温度变化及其潜在的驱动机制受到的约束很有限。在这里，我们提出了一个共同的时期（ce）的全球海面温度的全球综合，该综合来自57个符合严格质量控制标准的海洋重建项目。我们观察到从1到1800 ce的冷却趋势，对于显式测试重建中潜在的偏倚而言，该趋势很稳健。在801至1800 ce之间，表面降温趋势在质量上与地面温度重建的独立合成以及从使用过去外部辐射强迫的最佳估计的气候模型模拟集合推导出的海面温度合成在质量上是一致的。使用单一和累积强迫的气候模拟表明，从801到1800 ce的海洋表面冷却趋势主要不是对轨道强迫的反应，而是爆炸性火山爆发的频繁发生。我们的结果表明，火山喷发的反复簇可引起净的负辐射强迫，这会导致混合层海洋热量降低而导致百年和全球规模的降温趋势。

Mechanism of the biological response to winter cooling in the northeastern Arabian Sea

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