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首页> 外文期刊>Nature >ICE IN THE 1994 RABAUL ERUPTION CLOUD - IMPLICATIONS FOR VOLCANO HAZARD AND ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS
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ICE IN THE 1994 RABAUL ERUPTION CLOUD - IMPLICATIONS FOR VOLCANO HAZARD AND ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS

机译：1994年暴风云中的冰-对火山危害和大气影响的含义

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VOLCANIC clouds are an important natural hazard to aircraft(1), and host chemical reactions that interest both volcanologists(2,3) and atmospheric scientists(4-6). Ice has been suggested as a possible component of eruption clouds', but there has been no direct evidence for its presence. Here we report the detection, using a satellite-borne infrared sensor, of greater than or similar to 2 million tonnes of ice in the cloud produced by the September 1994 eruption of Rabaul volcano, in Papua New Guinea. The cloud also contained relatively low levels of sulphur dioxide (80+/-50 kilotonnes), compared with other stratospheric eruption clouds. The unusual aspects of this cloud may be related to the entry of sea water into the volcanic vent, and its participation in the eruption column. Past eruptions that occurred in similar (coastal) settings, such as those of Krakatau and Santorini, might have had less effect on the atmosphere than their volume alone would suggest, because the presence of ice may decrease the residence time of ash and sulphur in the atmosphere. In addition, the ability of ice to mask the characteristic spectral signature of volcanic ash will increase the difficulty of designing airborne ash detection systems for aviation safety. [References: 28]
机译：火山云是飞机的重要自然灾害（1），并且会引起火山学家（2,3）和大气科学家（4-6）感兴趣的化学反应。有人建议将冰作为火山爆发云的可能成分，但尚无直接证据证明其存在。在这里，我们报告说，使用卫星红外传感器检测到，在1994年9月巴布亚新几内亚的拉包尔火山喷发而产生的云中，冰中的冰含量大于或等于200万吨。与其他平流层喷发云相比，该云还含有相对较低水平的二氧化硫（80 +/- 50千吨）。这种云的异常之处可能与海水进入火山喷口以及它参与喷发柱有关。过去在类似（沿海）环境中发生的喷发，例如，喀拉喀托和圣托里尼的喷发，对大气的影响可能比仅其体积所暗示的要小，因为冰的存在可能会减少灰分和硫磺在水中的停留时间。大气层。此外，冰具有掩盖火山灰特征光谱特征的能力将增加为航空安全设计机载灰分检测系统的难度。 [参考：28]

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