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WHY GOLD IS THE NOBLEST OF ALL THE METALS

机译：为什么金是所有金属中的贵金属

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THE unique role that gold plays in society is to a large extent related to the fact that it is the most noble of all metals: it is the least reactive metal towards atoms or molecules at the interface with a gas or a liquid. The inertness of gold does not reflect a general inability to form chemical bonds, however-gold forms very stable alloys with many other metals. To understand the nobleness of gold, we have studied a simple surface reaction, the dissociation of H-2 On the surface of gold and of three other metals (copper, nickel and platinum) that lie close to it in the periodic table. We present self-consistent density-functional calculations of the activation barriers and chemisorption energies which clearly illustrate that nobleness is related to two factors: the degree of filling of the antibonding states on adsorption, and the degree of orbital overlap with the adsorbate. These two factors, which determine both the strength of the adsorbate-metal interaction and the energy barrier for dissociation, operate together to the maximal detriment of adsorbate binding and subsequent reactivity on gold. [References: 22]
机译：黄金在社会中发挥的独特作用在很大程度上与以下事实有关：黄金是所有金属中最贵重的：它是与气体或液体界面处的原子或分子的反应性最低的金属。金的惰性并不反映一般无法形成化学键，但是金与许多其他金属形成非常稳定的合金。为了了解金的贵金属，我们研究了一种简单的表面反应，即金表面上的H-2分解以及周期表中与之接近的其他三种金属（铜，镍和铂）的分解。我们提供了活化壁垒和化学吸附能的自洽密度函数计算，清楚地表明，高贵与两个因素有关：吸附上反键态的填充程度以及与被吸附物的轨道重叠程度。这两个因素决定了被吸附物与金属相互作用的强度以及离解的能垒，两者共同作用，最大程度地损害了被吸附物与金的反应性。 [参考：22]

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