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MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA IN METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS

机译:种群动态动力学中的多重平衡

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THE worldwide loss and fragmentation of natural habitats' has led to considerable theory on metapopulation dynamics(2-8), One modelling approach, using structured population models(9,10), predicts that metapopulations in which local dynamics are affected by migration may have alternative stable equilibria(11-17), We have tested this prediction with extensive data on the butterfly Melitaea cinxia(18,19). Here we show that the probability of local extinction decreases with increasing population size and increasing immigration rate, and that local populations tend to be larger in regions with higher density of extant populations(19), results consistent with model assumptions and predictions(13,17), Our results exhibit a bifurcation pattern indicating multiple equilibria(14), with a strikingly bimodal distribution of the fraction of occupied habitat in 65 semi-independent patch networks, These results help to explain observations of species occupying either most, or very little, of the suitable habitat in well-connected patch networks(14,20,21). Metapopulations with multiple equilibria may collapse unexpectedly to extinction even in landscapes degrading only slowly, Multiple equilibria make it difficult to predict the occurrence of species in fragmented landscapes. [References: 30]
机译:全球范围内自然栖息地的丧失和破碎化导致了关于种群动态的大量理论(2-8),一种使用结构化种群模型的建模方法(9,10)预测,局部种群受移民影响的种群可能具有替代稳定平衡(11-17),我们已经使用有关蝴蝶Mel蝶的详细数据测试了这一预测(18,19)。在这里,我们表明随着人口规模的增加和移民率的提高,当地物种灭绝的可能性降低,而在现有人口密度较高的地区,当地种群数量往往会更大(19),其结果与模型假设和预测相符(13,17)。 ),我们的结果显示了一个分叉模式,表明存在多个平衡点(14),并且在65个半独立的斑块网络中所占栖息地的分数具有惊人的双峰分布,这些结果有助于解释观察到的物种占据最多或很少的物种,良好连接的补丁网络中合适的栖息地的分布(14,20,21)。即使在缓慢退化的景观中,具有多重平衡的种群也可能会意外崩溃而灭绝。多重平衡使得难以预测零散景观中物种的发生。 [参考:30]

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