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Comparing the Relative Risk of Spaceflight to Terrestrial Modes of Transportation and Adventure Sport Activities

机译:比较航天与地面交通工具和冒险体育活动的相对风险

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摘要

The safety records of crewed spacecraft (Space Shuttle, Soyuz) are compared with the safety records of various common terrestrial transportation modalities (automotive, rail, boating, general aviation, commercial aviation) and select adventure sport activities (skydiving, mountaineering, SCUBA diving). Raw fatality and exposure data for each activity are reviewed and then amalgamated as six different rate metrics (fatal accidents per vehicle-trip, fatal accidents per vehicle-mile, fatal accidents per vehicle-hour, fatalities per person-trip, fatalities per person-mile, and fatalities per person-hour). The results indicate that, for the periods reviewed, spaceflight was the riskiest activity (or one of the riskiest activities) in four of the six metrics (fatal accidents per vehicle-trip, fatal accidents per vehicle-hour, fatalities per person-trip, and fatalities per person-hour). However, spaceflight was calculated to be less risky than automobiles, general aviation, and rail transportation on a fatal accidents per vehicle-mile basis, and it was roughly comparable to climbing Mt. Everest on a fatalities per person-trip basis. These conflicting results suggest that relative safety records alone are ambiguous, and they may not be a wholly representative means of communicating risk to prospective spaceflight participants.
机译:将乘员航天器(航天飞机,联盟号)的安全记录与各种常见陆地运输方式(汽车,铁路,划船,通用航空,商用航空)和某些冒险运动活动(跳伞,登山,潜水)的安全记录进行比较。审查每个活动的原始死亡和暴露数据,然后将其合并为六个不同的比率度量标准(每次车辆旅行的致命事故,每车英里的致命事故,每车小时的致命事故,每人旅行的死亡人数,每人的死亡人数-英里和每人小时的死亡人数)。结果表明,在所审查的时间段内,太空飞行是六个指标中的四个指标中的最危险的活动(或最危险的活动之一)(每次乘车的致命事故,每车小时的致命事故,每人次的死亡人数,和每人小时的死亡人数)。然而,以每车英里致命事故的发生率计算,航天飞机的风险要低于汽车,通用航空和铁路运输,大约与攀登富士山相当。珠穆朗玛峰每人次死亡人数。这些矛盾的结果表明,单独的相对安全记录是模棱两可的,它们可能不是向潜在航天员传达风险的完全代表性的手段。

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  • 来源
    《New Space》 |2016年第3期|190-197|共8页
  • 作者单位

    Aerospace Engineering Sciences University of Colorado Boulder 429 UCB Boulder, CO 80309;

    Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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