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All-Electric Satellites: Insurance Implications

机译：全电卫星：保险的影响

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The significant mass reduction of an all-electric satellite compared to a chemically propelled satellite with the same payload, or the ability to include a larger payload for the same launch mass, will reduce transponder prices and ensure that satellite solutions remain competitive against terrestrial alternatives. The major disadvantage of all-electric satellites is the time it takes to reach geostationary orbit, which could be a number of months, even under nominal operations. Traditional space insurance policies include a provision such that a satellite can be declared a total loss if it does not reach geostationary orbit within a predefined number of days. For chemically propelled satellites that require a handful of impulsive burns to complete the transfer to GEO, such a loss is relatively easy to determine, and for a situation, for example, where a satellite is delivered short of its intended apogee, the quantum of a loss, or whether it is worth proceeding with the orbit-raising maneuvers, can be determined with confidence, relatively quickly. The situation for all-electric satellites will be different. For all-electric satellites it may be possible to overcome launch shortfalls or certain propulsion system failure scenarios by increasing the duration of the orbit-raising phase. Satellite insurance policies cover the value of the space asset, which for a newly launched satellite would usually mean the replacement cost of the satellite, the replacement cost of the launch service, and the cost of the insurance-the three main costs in any satellite project Insurance does not usually cover the revenue that the satellite is expected to generate. While the traditional satellite insurance policies have served satellite operators well, there are failure scenarios for all-electric satellites, which only reduce the level of redundancy, for example, but which could result in a significant increase in the duration of orbit raising. The increased duration of orbit raising will result in a financial impact for the satellite operator due to the loss of revenue associated with the delayed entry into service, but would not be covered by a traditional satellite insurance policy. This article will consider, from an in- surance perspective, the implications of moving to all-electric propulsion and suggest ways in which the satellite insurance coverage may need to be adapted to ensure satellite operators continue to be indemnified for the risks they face.
机译：与具有相同有效载荷的化学推进卫星相比，全电卫星的质量显着降低，或者在相同的发射质量下能够包含更大的有效载荷，这将降低转发器的价格，并确保卫星解决方案与地面替代方案保持竞争力。全电卫星的主要缺点是到达对地静止轨道所需的时间，即使在正常运行下也可能需要数月的时间。传统的空间保险政策包括一项规定，如果卫星在预定的天数内未到达地球静止轨道，则可以宣布其为全损。对于需要进行少量脉冲燃烧才能完成向GEO的转移的化学推进卫星，这种损失相对容易确定，例如，在某颗卫星交付时未达到其预期远地点的情况下，可以相对迅速，有把握地确定损失或是否值得进行升轨演习。全电卫星的情况将有所不同。对于全电卫星，有可能通过增加升轨阶段的持续时间来克服发射不足或某些推进系统故障的情况。卫星保险单涵盖了空间资产的价值，对于新发射的卫星而言，这通常意味着卫星的重置成本，发射服务的重置成本以及保险成本-任何卫星项目中的三大主要成本保险通常不涵盖预期卫星产生的收入。尽管传统的卫星保险政策已经为卫星运营商提供了很好的服务，但是全电卫星仍然存在故障情况，例如，这只会降低冗余度，但可能会导致轨道上升时间显着增加。由于与推迟服役有关的收入损失，增加的轨道上升持续时间将对卫星运营商造成财务影响，但传统的卫星保险政策无法涵盖这一问题。本文将从保险的角度考虑转向全电推进的意义，并提出可能需要调整卫星保险范围的方法，以确保卫星运营商因其面临的风险继续得到赔偿。

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  • 来源
    《New Space》 |2015年第2期|92-97|共6页
  • 作者

    David Wade; Robin Gubby; David Hoffer;

  • 作者单位

    Atrium Space Insurance Consortium Room 790, Lloyd's, 1 Lime Street London EC3M 7DQ United Kingdom;

    Atrium Space Insurance Consortium, Ottawa, Canada;

    Atrium Space Insurance Consortium, Ottawa, Canada;

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