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首页> 外文期刊>Nuclear Engineering and Design >South Africa's Opportunity To Maximise The Role Of Nuclear Power In A Global Hydrogen Economy
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South Africa's Opportunity To Maximise The Role Of Nuclear Power In A Global Hydrogen Economy

机译：南非有机会最大程度地发挥核电在全球氢经济中的作用

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Global concern for increased energy demand, increased cost of natural gas and petroleum, energy security and environmental degradation are leading to heightened interest in using nuclear energy and hydrogen to leverage existing hydrocarbon reserves. The wasteful use of hydrocarbons can be minimised by using nuclear as a source of energy and water as a source of hydrogen. Virtually all hydrogen today is produced from fossil fuels, which give rise to CO_2 emissions. Hydrogen can b.e cleanly produced from water (without CO_2 pollution) by using nuclear energy to generate the required electricity and/or process heat to split the water molecule. Once the clean hydrogen has been produced, it can be used as feedstock to fuel cell technologies, or in the nearer term as feedstock to a coal-to-liquids process to produce cleaner synthetic liquid fuels. Clean liquid fuels from coal - using hydrogen generated from nuclear energy - is an intermediate step for using hydrogen to reduce pollution in the transport sector; simultaneously addressing energy security concerns. Several promising water-splitting technologies have been identified. Thermo-chemical water-splitting and high-temperature steam electrolysis technologies require process temperatures in the range of 850 ℃ and higher for the efficient production of hydrogen. The pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR), under development in South Africa, is ideally suited to generate both high-temperature process heat and electricity for the production of hydrogen. This paper will discuss South Africa's opportunity to maximise the use of its nuclear technology and national resources in a global hydrogen economy.
机译：全球对能源需求增加，天然气和石油成本增加，能源安全和环境退化的关注导致对使用核能和氢来利用现有碳氢化合物储量的兴趣日益浓厚。通过使用核能作为能源和水作为氢源，可以最大程度地减少碳氢化合物的浪费。如今，几乎所有氢气都是由化石燃料产生的，这会导致CO_2的排放。氢可以通过利用核能产生所需的电能和/或过程热来分裂水分子，从水中干净地产生（没有CO_2污染）。一旦产生了干净的氢气，它就可以用作燃料电池技术的原料，或者在短期内用作煤制油工艺的原料，以生产更清洁的合成液体燃料。煤炭产生的清洁液体燃料-利用核能产生的氢-是利用氢减少运输部门污染的中间步骤；同时解决能源安全问题。已经确定了几种有前途的水分解技术。热化学水分解和高温蒸汽电解技术要求过程温度在850℃或更高的范围内才能有效地生产氢气。南非正在开发的卵石床模块化反应器（PBMR）非常适合产生高温过程热和电能以生产氢气。本文将讨论南非在全球氢经济中最大限度地利用其核技术和国家资源的机会。

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