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首页> 外文期刊>Nuclear fusion >The JOREK non-linear extended MHD code and applications to large-scale instabilities and their control in magnetically confined fusion plasmas
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The JOREK non-linear extended MHD code and applications to large-scale instabilities and their control in magnetically confined fusion plasmas

机译：Jorek非线性扩展MHD码和应用于大规模不稳定性及其在磁带融合等离子体中的控制

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JOREK is a massively parallel fully implicit non-linear extended magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) code for realistic tokamak X-point plasmas. It has become a widely used versatile simulation code for studying large-scale plasma instabilities and their control and is continuously developed in an international community with strong involvements in the European fusion research programme and ITER organization. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the physics models implemented, numerical methods applied for solving the equations and physics studies performed with the code. A dedicated section highlights some of the verification work done for the code. A hierarchy of different physics models is available including a free boundary and resistive wall extension and hybrid kinetic-fluid models. The code allows for flux-surface aligned iso-parametric finite element grids in single and double X-point plasmas which can be extended to the true physical walls and uses a robust fully implicit time stepping. Particular focus is laid on plasma edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) physics as well as disruption related phenomena. Among the key results obtained with JOREK regarding plasma edge and SOL, are deep insights into the dynamics of edge localized modes (ELMs), ELM cycles, and ELM control by resonant magnetic perturbations, pellet injection, as well as by vertical magnetic kicks. Also ELM free regimes, detachment physics, the generation and transport of impurities during an ELM, and electrostatic turbulence in the pedestal region are investigated. Regarding disruptions, the focus is on the dynamics of the thermal quench (TQ) and current quench triggered by massive gas injection and shattered pellet injection, runaway electron (RE) dynamics as well as the RE interaction with MHD modes, and vertical displacement events. Also the seeding and suppression of tearing modes (TMs), the dynamics of naturally occurring TQs triggered by locked modes, and radiative collapses are being studied.
机译：JOREK是大规模并行完全隐式非线性扩展磁流体动力（MHD）代码现实托卡马克X点等离子体。它已成为通用的模拟代码被广泛用于研究的大型等离子不稳定性和其控制，并在国际社会的不断发展与欧洲核聚变研究计划和国际热核实验堆组织强烈的参与。本文给出了物理模型适用于解决与代码执行的方程和物理学研究的实施，数值方法的全面概述。一个专门区域，突出了一些对代码所做的验证工作。不同的物理模型的层次结构是可用的，包括一个自由边界和电阻壁延伸部和混合动力学流体模型。该代码允许在单，双X点等离子体通量表面对齐等参有限元网格，其可以扩展到实际物理墙壁和采用了一个可靠完全隐式时间步。特别关注铺设在等离子体边缘和删削层（SOL）物理以及破坏相关的现象。间与JOREK关于等离子体边缘和SOL获得的密钥的结果，是深见解的边缘局部模式（榆树），ELM周期，并且通过谐振磁场扰动，小丸注射，以及通过垂直磁性踢ELM控制的动态特性。也ELM自由制度，物理分离，生成和ELM期间杂质运输和静电湍流在基座区域进行了研究。关于中断，重点是在热骤冷（TQ）和电流骤冷的由大量气体注入引发的动力学和粉碎弹丸注入，失控电子（RE）动力学以及与MHD模式RE相互作用，和垂直位移事件。还播种和撕裂模式（TMS）的抑制，通过锁定模式触发天然存在的TQ和辐射崩塌的动态正在研究中。

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