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First steps towards modeling of ion-driven turbulence in Wendelstein 7-X

机译：在Wendelstein 7-X中离子驱动湍流建模的第一步

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摘要

Due to foreseen improvement of neoclassical confinement in optimised stellarators-like the newly commissioned Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) experiment in Greifswald, Germany-it is expected that turbulence will significantly contribute to the heat and particle transport, thus posing a limit to the performance of such devices. In order to develop discharge scenarios, it is thus necessary to develop a model which could reliably capture the basic characteristics of turbulence and try to predict the levels thereof. The outcome will not only be affordable, using only a fraction of the computational cost which is normally required for repetitive direct turbulence simulations, but would also highlight important physics. In this model, we seek to describe the ion heat flux caused by ion temperature gradient (ITG) micro-turbulence, which, in certain heating scenarios, can be a strong source of free energy. With the aid of a relatively small number of state-of-the-art nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations, an initial critical gradient model (CGM) is devised, with the aim to replace an empirical model, stemming from observations in prior stellarator experiments. The novel CGM, in its present form, encapsulates all available knowledge about ion-driven 3D turbulence to date, also allowing for further important extensions, towards an accurate interpretation and prediction of the 'anomalous' transport. The CGM depends on the stiffness of the ITG turbulence scaling in W7-X, and implicitly includes the nonlinear zonal flow response. It is shown that the CGM is suitable for a 1D framework turbulence modeling.
机译：由于可预见的改进了优化后的恒星的新古典约束，例如德国格赖夫斯瓦尔德新近委托进行的Wendelstein 7-X（W7-X）实验，预计湍流将极大地促进热量和粒子的传输，从而限制了此类设备的性能。为了建立排放情景，因此有必要建立一个模型，该模型可以可靠地捕获湍流的基本特征并试图预测其水平。结果将不仅可以承受，仅使用重复直接湍流模拟通常所需的一小部分计算成本，而且还将突出重要的物理原理。在此模型中，我们试图描述由离子温度梯度（ITG）微湍流引起的离子热通量，在某些加热情况下，它可能是自由能量的强大来源。借助相对较少的最新非线性陀螺动力学模拟，设计了一个初始临界梯度模型（CGM），目的是取代以前的恒星实验中的观察结果而建立的经验模型。新型CGM以其当前形式封装了迄今为止有关离子驱动3D湍流的所有可用知识，还允许进行进一步的重要扩展，以准确解释和预测“异常”传输。 CGM取决于W7-X中ITG湍流定标的刚度，并且隐含了非线性纬向流动响应。结果表明，CGM适用于一维框架湍流建模。

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