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Analytic dispersion relation of energetic particle driven geodesic acoustic modes and simulations with NEMORB

机译：高能粒子驱动的测地线声模的解析色散关系及NEMORB模拟

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摘要

Recent progress regarding the excitation of energetic-particle driven geodesic acoustic modes (EGAMs) in particle-in-cell simulations is presented in this paper. The exact dispersion relation with adiabatic electrons is derived and solved. The origin of the so-called EGAM is briefly analysed and we show that its nature changes, at least, with the safety factor. A simple expression for the GAM frequency modified in the presence of a small concentration of energetic particles is given in the fluid limit. We show that gyrokinetic simulations with Nemorb in the presence of adiabatic electrons are able to reproduce the analytic predictions. Also, different energy channels are analysed by means of dedicated energy diagnostics characterizing the wave-particle interaction. Finite Larmor radius and finite orbit width effects are studied regarding the excitation of geodesic acoustic modes, showing that these effects are likely to be negligible for sufficiently high concentration of energetic particles, but significant when approaching the threshold of excitation.
机译：本文介绍了在粒子模拟中激发高能粒子驱动的测地声模（EGAM）的最新进展。推导并求解了与绝热电子的精确色散关系。简要分析了所谓的EGAM的起源，我们证明了它的性质至少随着安全系数而变化。在流体极限中给出了在存在少量高能粒子的情况下修改的GAM频率的简单表达式。我们表明，在绝热电子存在的情况下，Nemorb进行的动力学模拟能够重现分析预测。同样，借助表征波粒相互作用的专用能量诊断程序分析了不同的能量通道。研究了关于短程线声模激发的有限拉莫尔半径和有限轨道宽度效应，表明对于足够高浓度的高能粒子，这些效应可能忽略不计，但在接近激发阈值时却很明显。

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