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Neutron emission from beryllium reactions in JET deuterium plasmas with ~3He minority

机译：约3He的JET氘等离子体中铍反应的中子发射

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摘要

Recent fast ion studies at JET involve ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) heating tuned to minority ~3He in cold deuterium plasmas, with beryllium evaporation in the vessel prior to the session. During the experiments, the high-resolution neutron spectrometer TOFOR was used to study the energy spectrum of emitted neutrons. Neutrons of energies up to 10 MeV, not consistent with the neutron energy spectrum expected from d(d,n)~3He reactions, were observed. In this paper, we interpret these neutrons as a first-time observation of a ~9Be(~3He,n)~(11)C neutron spectrum in a tokamak plasma, a conclusion based on a consistent analysis of experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. ~9Be(α,n)~(12)C and ~9Be(p,n)~9B reactions are also simulated for p and α fusion products from d(~3He,α)p reactions; these two-step processes are seen to contribute on a level of about 10% of the single-step process in ~9Be(~3He,n)~(11)C. Contributions to the total neutron yield from the ~9Be(~3He,n)~(11)C reaction are found to be in the range 13±3 to 57±5%. We demonstrate how TOFOR can be used to simultaneously (I) probe the deuterium distribution, providing reliable measurements of the bulk deuterium temperature, here in the range 3.2 ± 0.4 to 6.3 ± 1.0 keV and (ii) provide an estimate of the beryllium concentration (in the range 0.48 ±0.17 to 6.4 ± 1.7% of n_e assuming T~(3He) = 300 keV). The observation of ~9Be related neutrons is relevant in view of the upcoming installation of a beryllium-coated ITER-like wall on JET and for ITER itself. An important implication is possible neutron-induced activation of the ITER vessel during the low-activation phase with ICRF heating tuned to minority ~3He in hydrogen plasmas.
机译：在JET上最近进行的快速离子研究涉及在冷氘等离子体中将离子回旋共振频率（ICRF）加热调节至少数〜3He，并在试验前在容器中蒸发铍。在实验过程中，使用高分辨率中子能谱仪TOFOR研究了发射中子的能谱。观察到能量高达10 MeV的中子，与d（d，n）〜3He反应预期的中子能谱不一致。在本文中，我们将这些中子解释为托卡马克等离子体中〜9Be（〜3He，n）〜（11）C中子光谱的首次观测，该结论基于对实验数据和蒙特卡洛模拟的一致分析。还模拟了d（〜3He，α）p反应的p和α融合产物的〜9Be（α，n）〜（12）C和〜9Be（p，n）〜9B反应；在〜9Be（〜3He，n）〜（11）C中，这些两步过程的贡献约为单步过程的10％。发现〜9Be（〜3He，n）〜（11）C反应对总中子产率的贡献范围为13±3至57±5％。我们展示了TOFOR如何可用于同时（I）探查氘的分布，提供可靠的大体氘温度测量，此处为3.2±0.4至6.3±1.0 keV，并且（ii）提供铍浓度的估算值（假设T〜（3He）= 300 keV），则在n_e的0.48±0.17至6.4±1.7％范围内。考虑到即将在JET上安装铍涂层的ITER样壁以及ITER本身，因此〜9Be相关中子的观测是有意义的。一个重要的暗示可能是在低活化阶段中子诱导的ITER容器活化，其中ICRF加热调整为氢等离子体中的少数〜3He。

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  • 来源
    《Nuclear fusion》 |2010年第4期|p.9.1-9.14|共14页
  • 作者

    M. Gatu Johnson; C. Hellesen; E. Andersson Sunden; M. Cecconello; S. Conroy; G. Ericsson; G. Gorini; V. Kiptily; M. Nocente; S. Pinches; E. Ronchi; S. Sharapov; H. Sjoestrand; M. Tardocchi; M. Weiszflog;

  • 作者单位

    JET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden (EURATOM-VR Association);

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden (EURATOM-VR Association);

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden (EURATOM-VR Association);

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden (EURATOM-VR Association);

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden (EURATOM-VR Association);

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden (EURATOM-VR Association);

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Physics Department, Milano-Bicocca University, and Istituto di Fisica del Plasma del CNR, Milan, Italy (EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association);

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Euratom/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, UK;

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Physics Department, Milano-Bicocca University, and Istituto di Fisica del Plasma del CNR, Milan, Italy (EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association);

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Euratom/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, UK;

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden (EURATOM-VR Association);

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Euratom/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, UK;

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden (EURATOM-VR Association);

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Physics Department, Milano-Bicocca University, and Istituto di Fisica del Plasma del CNR, Milan, Italy (EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association);

    rnJET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB, Abingdon, UK Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden (EURATOM-VR Association);

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    neutron spectroscopy; neutron sources; magnetic confinement and equilibrium; tokamaks, spherical tokamaks; 3H-, 3He-, and 4He-induced reactions; fusion products effects (e.g., alpha-particles, etc.), fast particle effects;

    机译：中子光谱;中子源;磁约束和平衡;托卡马克;球形托卡马克;3H-;3He-和4He诱导的反应;融合产物效应（例如;alpha粒子等）;快速粒子效应;

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