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首页> 外文期刊>Kerntechnik >Management of discharge of low level liquid radioactive waste generated in medical, educational, research and indus-trial facilities
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Management of discharge of low level liquid radioactive waste generated in medical, educational, research and indus-trial facilities

机译：管理医疗，教育，研究和工业设施中产生的低水平液体放射性废物的排放

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摘要

The objective of this report is to provide guidance on the administrative and technical issues for the management of low level radioactive effluents intended for discharge to the environment. This may or may not include a decay storage arrangement prior to discharge. This report is aimed at providing helpful advice to the operators of all types of medical and institutional facilities generating liquid radioactive effluents, irrespective of the frequency of generation and consistent with the volumes specified in the scope. This publication covers options for the discharge of low level radioactive effluents generated from medical and other institutional applications. It is worthwhile to point out that the report deals only with liquid discharges and does not include gaseous effluents. It also concentrates on the aqueous liquids which is the vast majority of the discharge in most cases. The scope only covers decay storage systems and does not include low level radioactive waste pre-treatment and treatment methods. In this connection, small quantities of organic liquid waste are not supposed to be discharged and they require some treatment prior to discharge or long term storage, which make it outside the scope of this publication. The principles and appropriateness of direct discharge to the environment are described. The circumstances whereby it is appropriate to store low level radioactive effluents for decay purposes are also described. The volumes considered in this report are ranging from irregular effluents of several cm~3 to regular effluents of several m~3/week. Details of an administrative infrastructure relevant to the management of discharge of radioactive effluents to the environment are given in Section 2. The principles for such discharges are given in Section 3, with options for the management of direct discharge and storage for decay described in Section 4. Section 4 also includes cost-benefit analysis for the decision making process, optimization of radiation protection and a section on advantages and disadvantages of decay tank systems. In Section 5, the factors that might influence direct discharge to the sewage system are discussed and in Section 6, the design considerations and operation of a decay tank system are explained. Issues on effluent and environmental monitoring are given in Section 7, with emergency arrangements discussed in Section 8. Quality assurance arrangements are discussed in Section 9. In Annex I, an example of calculation method and a worked example are provided for the benefit of those who are faced with designing a decay tank system for the first time. Appendix I provides examples of decay tank systems.
机译：本报告的目的是就旨在排放到环境中的低放射性废水的管理方面的行政和技术问题提供指导。在放电之前，这可以包括也可以不包括衰减存储装置。本报告旨在为产生液体放射性流出物的所有类型的医疗和机构设施的经营者提供有用的建议，无论其产生的频率如何，并与范围中指定的数量保持一致。该出版物涵盖了从医疗和其他机构应用中产生的低水平放射性排放物的排放选择。值得指出的是，该报告仅涉及液体排放，不包括气体排放。在大多数情况下，它也集中于水性液体，这是放电的绝大部分。该范围仅涵盖衰变存储系统，不包括低水平放射性废物的预处理和处理方法。就此而言，不应排放少量的有机液体废物，它们需要在排放或长期储存之前进行一些处理，这使其超出了本出版物的范围。描述了直接排放到环境中的原理和适当性。还描述了适合出于衰变目的而存储低放射性排放物的情况。本报告中考虑的排放量范围从几cm〜3的不规则废水到每周几m〜3的常规废水。在第2节中提供了与管理向环境排放放射性废物有关的行政基础设施的详细信息。在第3节中提供了这种排放的原理，在第4节中介绍了用于直接排放和衰减存储的管理选项。第4节还包括决策过程的成本效益分析，辐射防护的优化以及衰减罐系统的优缺点。在第5节中，讨论了可能影响直接排入污水系统的因素，在第6节中，说明了衰减池系统的设计考虑因素和操作。关于污水和环境监测的问题在第7节中进行了说明，在第8节中讨论了应急措施。在第9节中讨论了质量保证措施。在附件I中，提供了计算方法示例和工作示例，以使那些第一次面对设计衰减罐系统。附录一提供了衰减池系统的示例。

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    《Kerntechnik》 |2013年第5期|453-453|共1页
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  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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