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Shifting baselines among traditional fishers in Sao Tome and Principe islands, Gulf of Guinea

机译：几内亚湾圣多美和普林西比群岛的传统渔民基线变化

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Local ecological knowledge has filled baseline gaps in conservation biology, providing important information that has contributed to resource management policies both on land and at sea. Marine ecosystems are globally threatened by overfishing, yet we know little on if and how fishers perceive changes in fisheries composition through time. This is particularly important in developing nations where people rely on fishery resources as their main source of food and income. We interviewed 178 artisanal fishers to collect information regarding their perceptions on the trends and composition of reef fisheries in Sao Tome and Principe islands, a marine biodiversity hotspot. In addition, we investigated the relative contribution of the possible factors causing changes in these reef fish assemblages according to fished perceptions. Of six reef fish species assessed, five exhibited significant declining catch trends. We found a declining trend in individual body size for targeted species based on reports from older (mean +/- S.E. = 43.3 2.6 kg) and younger (21.0 +/- 0.7 kg) fishers' generations. Generations also differed in their perceptions of declines over time, all of the very experienced fishers reported decline, while only one-third of inexperienced fishers did so. The main causes for fish catch changes identified by experienced fishers ( 40 years of fishing practice) were the increasing number of fishers (25%), destructive fishing practices (mainly blast fishing) (18%) and industrial fishing (29%). Our results suggest the occurrence of the shifting baseline syndrome phenomena among traditional fishers and provide baseline information for the conservation and management of Sao Tome and Principe marine ecosystems.
机译：当地的生态知识填补了保护生物学的基线空白，提供了重要信息，为陆上和海上资源管理政策做出了贡献。海洋生态系统在全球范围内受到过度捕捞的威胁，但是我们对渔民是否以及如何认识到随着时间的推移渔业组成的变化知之甚少。对于发展中国家来说，这一点尤其重要，因为发展中国家人们将渔业资源作为其主要的粮食和收入来源。我们采访了178名手工捕鱼者，以收集他们对海洋生物多样性热点圣多美和普林西比群岛的礁石渔业趋势和组成的看法的信息。此外，我们根据捕鱼知觉调查了可能导致这些礁鱼组合变化的可能因素的相对贡献。在评估的六种珊瑚鱼种类中，五种表现出明显下降的捕捞趋势。根据年龄较大（平均+/- S.E. = 43.3 2.6公斤）和年龄较小（21.0 +/- 0.7公斤）渔民的报告，我们发现目标物种的个体体重呈下降趋势。几代人对随着时间推移而下降的看法也各不相同，所有经验丰富的渔民均报告下降，而只有三分之一的经验不足的渔民这样做。经验丰富的渔民（> 40年的捕鱼实践）确定的导致渔获量变化的主要原因是渔民数量增加（25％），破坏性捕鱼行为（主要是爆炸性捕鱼）（18％）和工业捕鱼（29％）。我们的结果表明传统渔民中基线基线综合症现象的发生，并为圣多美和普林西比海洋生态系统的保护和管理提供了基线信息。

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