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首页> 外文期刊>Ocean & coastal management >The role of breakwaters on the rehabilitation of coastal and mangrove forests in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
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The role of breakwaters on the rehabilitation of coastal and mangrove forests in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

机译：防波堤在印度尼西亚西加里曼丹省沿海和红树林恢复中的作用

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The breakwaters, which were built by the government of West Kalimantan, Indonesia in late 1993 were aimed to protect the coast and mangrove forest. However, the effectiveness of building the breakwaters is not known because no measurement has been done. This study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of building breakwaters to protect the coast and its role in the rehabilitation of mangrove forest. The role of breakwaters in protecting the coast and rehabilitating the mangrove forest were assessed by comparing differences between the condition when there were no breakwaters versus condition after the breakwaters built. Beside building breakwaters, the government plant Rhizopora to restore the mangrove forest. The success rate of mangrove rehabilitation effort was determined by measuring density and distribution of Rhizophora and colonization of Avicennia marina. The study conducted using survey method with a landscape approach conducted in three bays of the South China Sea, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, which are: Penibung, Sungai Duri, and Karimunting. The measurement of parameters was conducted with purposive sampling technique based on perpendicular toward the sea area. The parameters measured were shoreline differences, the distribution of bottom and drift sediment, and the prediction of longshore sediment transport alongside the shore. The result showed that the breakwaters built in Karimunting and Penibung Bay were successful to reduce the amount of coastal erosion up to 70% within 22 years. On the contrary, the breakwaters built in the Bay of Sungai Duri could not reduce the coastal erosion. The effects of breakwaters on mangrove rehabilitation were clear, which can be observed on the colonization rate of Avicennia marina and reforestation of Rhizophora sp. in Karimunting Bay. The abrasion of shoreline still occurred although there were breakwaters built. It might be caused by the construction of breakwaters were segmented. The condition worsens by activities of beach sand excavation. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：防波堤由印度尼西亚西加里曼丹省政府于1993年底建造，旨在保护海岸和红树林。但是，建造防波堤的有效性尚不明确，因为尚未进行任何测量。这项研究旨在揭示建造防波堤以保护海岸的有效性及其在红树林恢复中的作用。通过比较没有防波堤时的状况与防波堤建成后的状况之间的差异，评估了防波堤在保护海岸和恢复红树林中的作用。除了建造防波堤外，政府还种植了根霉菌以恢复红树林。通过测量根瘤菌的密度和分布以及Avicennia滨海定居来确定红树林修复工作的成功率。该研究使用调查方法和景观方法在印度尼西亚西加里曼丹省南中国海的三个海湾中进行：佩里蓬，双溪杜里和卡里门廷。使用基于垂直于海域的有目的采样技术进行参数的测量。所测量的参数是海岸线差异，底部和漂移沉积物的分布以及沿岸的长岸沉积物迁移的预测。结果表明，在Karimunting和Penibung湾建造的防波堤在22年内成功地将沿海侵蚀量减少了70％。相反，在双溪杜里​​湾建造的防波堤无法减少海岸侵蚀。防波堤对红树林恢复的影响是显而易见的，可以从Avicennia滨海的定居率和Rhizophora sp的重新造林中观察到。在Karimunting湾。尽管建造了防波堤，但海岸线的磨损仍然发生。这可能是由于防波堤的施工被分段造成的。这种状况由于沙滩上的沙子开挖活动而恶化。 （c）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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