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Multi-decadal land cover evolution in the Sundarban, the largest mangrove forest in the world

机译：世界上最大的红树林森达尔班的数十年土地覆盖演变

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Having one of the most vulnerable coasts of the world to climate change, Bangladesh and India are facing new challenges to protect Sundarban, the largest mangrove in the world, from adverse impacts of climate-driven changes. In this study, unsupervised classification of mangrove density is performed on Landsat images of folk time periods over 35 years (1975-77, 1989, 2000 and 2010) to identify the spatiotemporal evolution of the Sundarban mangrove, and infer the causes of observed changes. Specifically the influences of environmental and anthropogenic drivers on these changes are discriminated by correlating the observed change patterns with cyclones' tracks, erosion processes and areas of expected human influences as assessed by local stakeholders. Results highlight a very dynamic systerh, with rapid changes characterized by decreasing mangrove density, mainly in India, erosion and accretion. There is similar to 1.2% (or 11,500 ha) net erosion in 35 years in Sundarban, which remains limited relative to the documented high rate of sea level rise of 6 mm/yr. Mangrove density changes are attributed to cyclones, increased salinity and anthropogenic influences. Based on interpretation of the spatial pattern of density changes by local stakeholders, we conclude that the zones accessible to human activities are significantly more affected by land cover changes. Management policies of Sundarban by Bangladeshi and Indian authorities should acknowledge the important role played by natural or global drivers like sea level change, cyclones in affecting the mangrove as well as manage the localized anthropogenic pressures. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：孟加拉国和印度拥有世界上最易受气候变化影响的沿海地区之一，因此面临着新的挑战，以保护世界上最大的红树林桑达尔班免受气候变化带来的不利影响。在这项研究中，对35年（1975-77年，1989年，2000年和2010年）的民间时间Landsat影像进行了无监督的红树林密度分类，以识别Sundarban红树林的时空演化，并推断出观测到的变化的原因。具体而言，通过将观测到的变化模式与旋风的径迹，侵蚀过程以及当地利益相关者评估的预期人类影响区域相关联，可以区分环境和人为驱动因素对这些变化的影响。结果显示出非常动态的系统，其快速变化的特征是红树林密度下降，主要是在印度，侵蚀和增生。 Sundarban在35年中的净侵蚀量约为1.2％（或11,500公顷），相对于有记录的每年6毫米的高海平面上升速度而言，这仍然是有限的。红树林密度的变化归因于旋风，盐度增加和人为影响。根据当地利益相关者对密度变化的空间格局的解释，我们得出结论，人类活动可及的区域受土地覆盖变化的影响更大。孟加拉国和印度当局的Sundarban管理政策应承认自然或全球驱动因素（如海平面变化，旋风对影响红树林以及管理局部人为压力）所起的重要作用。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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