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Re-visiting ICM theory and practice: Lessons learned from the Baltic Sea Region

机译：重访ICM理论与实践：从波罗的海地区吸取的教训

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Sustainable management of coastal systems requires an iterative process using a multidisciplinary approach that integrates the three pillars of sustainable development: environmental protection, social progress and economic growth. The Systems Approach Framework (SAF) provides a structure for an Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) process with an effective science-policy interface that embraces the challenge of simulating complex systems and encapsulates citizen involvement from the onset. We analysed the findings of 16 re-analyses studies undertaken in eight Baltic Sea countries to test how well SAF elements had been applied in practice within ICM processes. The results revealed the main ICM driver was ecology or economy. Several ICM elements as defined by the SAF are already standard within the Baltic Sea region. However, in many cases, the omission of stakeholder and institutional mapping as instructed by the SAF led to an unbalanced participation of stakeholders, or in some cases, lack of involvement of stakeholders at the start of the process. Most of the ICM processes failed to include an integrated, cross-sectorial, ecological-socio-economic assessment. This extends from the lack of system thinking when defining the Policy Issue for the problem and when developing the conceptual model, which often leads to one-sectorial solutions, which may riot be sustainable. Furthermore, the duration of some of the ICM processes was prolonged due to disagreement and opposition early in the process and/ or lack of manager experiences in conducting a stakeholder participatory process. Finally, due to its stringent structure the SAF was found to be a suitable quality assurance for sustainable ICM processes. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：沿海系统的可持续管理需要采用多学科方法的迭代过程，该方法综合了可持续发展的三大支柱：环境保护，社会进步和经济增长。系统方法框架（SAF）提供了具有有效的科学政策接口的沿海综合管理（ICM）流程的结构，该接口包含了模拟复杂系统的挑战并从一开始就封装了公民的参与。我们分析了在八个波罗的海国家进行的16项重新分析研究的结果，以测试SAF要素在ICM流程中在实践中的应用情况。结果表明，ICM的主要驱动力是生态或经济。 SAF定义的几个ICM元素已经在波罗的海地区成为标准。但是，在许多情况下，根据SAF的指示，利益相关者的遗漏和机构制图导致利益相关者的参与不平衡，或者在某些情况下，在流程开始时缺乏利益相关者的参与。 ICM的大多数流程都没有包含综合的，跨部门的，生态社会经济评估。这是由于在定义问题的“政策问题”和开发概念模型时缺乏系统思考，这常常导致单部门解决方案的发展，这种解决方案可能会持续存在。此外，由于在流程早期阶段的分歧和反对和/或缺乏经理在进行利益相关者参与流程中的管理者经验，导致某些ICM流程的时间延长了。最后，由于其严格的结构，SAF被认为是可持续ICM流程的合适质量保证。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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