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Management issues and options for small scale holobenthic octopus fisheries

机译：小型全角章鱼渔业的管理问题和选择

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摘要

Octopuses are a difficult resource to manage due to their short life span, rapid growth, high natural mortality and sensitivity to environmental conditions. These biological traits result in seasonal fluctuations in abundance and subsequent landings. Twenty two octopus fisheries were reviewed from 17 countries to examine the application and effectiveness of different management measures for consideration in the Tasmanian Octopus pallidus fishery in Australia. While the most commonly used measures in these fisheries were input controls, particularly seasonal closures and minimum size limits, these controls are poorly suited to semelparous, holobenthic octopuses such as Octopus pallidus. A semelparous reproductive strategy means that minimum size limits don't allow animals to reproduce prior to capture. A holobenthic life history strategy means that fishery-wide seasonal closures are unable to address variation in biological characteristics (e.g. size at maturity) across sub-stocks and collectively reduce effort on vulnerable life stages. Seasonal closures and minimum size limits also reduce the economic efficiency of the fleet and may diminish fishery productivity through effort displacement and serial depletion. A rotational system of effort or cap on total effort that provides flexibility to fishers and effectively spreads fishing effort, allowing different areas or sub-stocks to recover, could be a more effective option for achieving the objectives of most octopus fisheries. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：由于章鱼寿命短，生长迅速，自然死亡率高以及对环境条件敏感，因此章鱼是一种难以管理的资源。这些生物特征导致丰度的季节性波动和随后的着陆。对来自17个国家的22条章鱼渔业进行了审查，以研究不同管理措施的应用和有效性，以供澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚八爪鱼捕捞中考虑。虽然这些渔业中最常用的措施是输入控制，尤其是季节性关闭和最小尺寸限制，但这些控制非常不适合于片状，全角章鱼，例如八爪鱼。生殖繁殖策略意味着最小尺寸限制不允许动物在捕获前繁殖。整体生活史策略意味着整个渔业范围内的季节性关闭都无法解决子种群之间生物学特性的变化（例如成熟时的大小），并集体减少了脆弱生命阶段的工作量。季节性关闭和最小规模限制也降低了船队的经济效率，并可能由于努力转移和连续消耗而降低渔业生产力。一种轮换努力或总努力的上限，可以为渔民提供灵活性并有效地分散捕捞努力，使不同地区或次级种群得以恢复，这可能是实现大多数章鱼渔业目标的更有效选择。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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