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Marine protected areas in Colombia: Advances in conservation and barriers for effective governance

机译：哥伦比亚的海洋保护区：保护的进展和有效治理的障碍

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Attention to marine protected areas (MPA) for conservation and sustainability purposes has increased in Colombia in the recent decades. This shift is a result of the commitment of Colombia with international conventions and treaties (e.g., CBD, Aichi Target 11) and the realization by public and private research organizations of the fast rate of marine biodiversity loss and fisheries decline. This paper presents an examination of the situation of MPAs in Colombia and identifies barriers and opportunities to improve MPA governance. The analysis of documents, semi-structured interviews with environmental organizations (n = 13) and community representatives (n = 56), and focus groups (n = 6) provides a comprehensive understanding of the Colombia MPA system and the challenges for improving its governance. The adoption of international conservation policies and planning tools is driving the increasing numbers of MPAs. Yet, the governance effectiveness of the MPAs, particularly under the current top-down approach, deserves consideration. Barriers and opportunities for improving MPA governance are related to both government and coastal community stakeholders, and include lack of implementation of participatory policies, limited institutional and community organization capacity, loss of self-regulatory fishing practices, and violence among others. Partnerships among NGOs, private organizations, communities and government together with recent afro-descendant community organization and leadership represent key opportunities for fostering meaningful participation of communities in MPA planning/management and for improving MPA governance. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：近几十年来，哥伦比亚对出于保护和可持续性目的的海洋保护区的关注有所增加。这种转变是哥伦比亚对国际公约和条约（例如《生物多样性公约》，爱知指标11）的承诺以及公共和私人研究组织认识到海洋生物多样性丧失和渔业迅速减少的结果。本文介绍了哥伦比亚MPA的情况，并指出了改善MPA治理的障碍和机遇。对文件的分析，对环境组织（n = 13）和社区代表（n = 56）以及焦点小组（n = 6）的半结构化访谈提供了对哥伦比亚MPA体系以及改善其治理的挑战的全面理解。国际保护政策和规划工具的采用推动了海洋保护区的增加。但是，MPA的治理有效性，特别是在当前自上而下的方法下，值得考虑。改善MPA治理的障碍和机遇与政府和沿海社区的利益相关者都有关系，其中包括缺乏参与性政策的实施，机构和社区组织能力有限，丧失自我监管的捕鱼行为以及暴力等。非政府组织，私营组织，社区和政府之间的合作伙伴关系，以及最近非洲裔社区组织和领导层，为促进社区有意义地参与MPA规划/管理以及改善MPA治理提供了重要机遇。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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