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Quantifying cumulative threats to sandy beach ecosystems: A tool to guide ecosystem-based management beyond coastal reserves

机译：量化对沙滩生态系统的累积威胁：一种工具，用于指导沿海保护区以外的基于生态系统的管理

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摘要

Managing marine ecosystems to promote natural functioning and provide for sustainable use is a necessary complement to formal conservation in protected areas. Because the area for conservation and resources for management are limited, both sites and actions need to be prioritized. Sandy beaches are poorly recognised as ecosystems, and thus are neither well managed nor regularly included in conservation initiatives, and are highly threatened. Therefore, we aim to refine an existing cumulative threat assessment (CTA) for beach ecosystems, the outputs of which can inform prioritization of beaches for conservation in reserves and/or various management objectives beyond reserves. We focus on the latter, using the CTA to derive a decision-support tool that aims to provide for use of sandy shores, whilst ensuring their ecological functioning is not compromised. The CTA depends on expert-based scores of threats to ecosystems; these were determined at the VIth International Sandy Beach Symposium (2012) for a baseline scenario under two criteria: functional impact and recovery time. Application of the CTA and decision-support tool is illustrated using the South African beaches. The baseline threat scores were adapted to suit the local context, and spatial trends in the cumulative impact of 15 threats were quantified. South African beaches are exposed to a broad range of cumulative pressure: overall it is relatively low, except where beaches are associated with areas of intensive coastal development. Based on the degree of permanent modification of the shore, and cumulative impact of all other stressors, the decision-support tool classifies beaches as: social-priority areas; ecological-priority areas; or social-ecological areas, each with specific management objectives. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：管理海洋生态系统以促进自然功能并提供可持续利用是对保护区正式保护的必要补充。由于保护区和管理资源有限，因此需要优先考虑地点和行动。沙滩很少被认为是生态系统，因此既得不到很好的管理，也没有被定期纳入保护计划，并且受到严重威胁。因此，我们旨在完善现有的海滩生态系统累积威胁评估（CTA），其输出可为保护区和/或保护区以外的各种管理目标的海滩优先排序。我们专注于后者，利用CTA得出决策支持工具，旨在为沙质海岸提供使用，同时确保其生态功能不受损害。 CTA取决于专家对生态系统威胁的评分；这些是在第六届国际沙滩研讨会（2012）上根据两个标准确定的基准情景：功能影响和恢复时间。使用南非海滩说明了CTA和决策支持工具的应用。对基线威胁评分进行了调整以适合当地情况，并对15种威胁的累积影响的空间趋势进行了量化。南非的海滩面临广泛的累积压力：总体而言，相对较低，除非海滩与沿海密集开发地区相关。根据海岸的永久性改造程度以及所有其他压力源的累积影响，决策支持工具将海滩分类为：社会优先区域；生态优先区；或社会生态领域，每个领域都有特定的管理目标。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2015年第6期|12-24|共13页
  • 作者

    Harris Linda; Nel Ronel; Holness Stephen; Schoeman David;

  • 作者单位

    Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Zool, Coastal & Marine Res Inst, ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa;

    Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Zool, Coastal & Marine Res Inst, ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa;

    Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Zool, Coastal & Marine Res Inst, ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa|Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Zool, Ctr African Conservat Ecol, ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa;

    Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Zool, Coastal & Marine Res Inst, ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa|Univ Sunshine Coast, Sch Sci & Engn, Sippy Downs, Qld 4556, Australia;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Cumulative threat assessment; Cumulative impacts; Integrated coastal zone management; Prioritization; Zoning; Conservation;

    机译：累积威胁评估;累积影响;沿海地区综合管理;优先排序;分区;保护;

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