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Marine conservation finance: The need for and scope of an emerging field

机译：海洋保护资金：新兴领域的需求和范围

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摘要

The global oceans contribute to human wellbeing by providing marine ecosystermservices, but the ability of the oceans to continue providing these services is jeopardised by anthropogenic impacts. There is a limit to marine conservation that has not been adequately addressed: finance. This paper reviews the state of marine conservation funding, identifies associated challenges, and recommends possible ways forward. We identify five challenges: 1) funding for marine conservation is inadequate in terms of the size, duration, and diversity of revenue, 2) finance mechanisms are under-developed and under-utilised, 3) finance is often disconnected from conservation planning, 4) the environmental side-effects of economic activity increase the gap in global conservation funding, and 5) few individuals and programmes specialise in marine conservation finance and integrate its disparate lines of thinking. We then propose five solutions: 1) financial strategies for marine conservation, 2) increased research on and development of finance mechanisms, 3) integration of financial planning into conservation planning, 4) engagement of businesses in reducing the gap in conservation funding for marine ecosystems, and 5) definition, focus, and specialists for the emerging field of marine conservation finance. Multi-sector and interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to reduce the marine conservation-funding gap and sustain marine ecosystem services. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：全球海洋通过提供海洋生态系统服务为人类福祉做出了贡献，但人为影响却破坏了海洋继续提供这些服务的能力。海洋保护的一个局限性尚未得到充分解决：资金。本文回顾了海洋保护资金的状况，确定了相关挑战，并提出了可能的前进方法。我们确定了五个挑战：1）海洋保护方面的资金在规模，持续时间和收入多样性方面不足，2）融资机制开发不足和利用不足，3）融资常常与保护规划脱节，4 ）经济活动的环境副作用扩大了全球保护资金的缺口，并且5）专门从事海洋保护资金并整合其不同思路的个人和计划很少。然后，我们提出五种解决方案：1）海洋保护的财务策略； 2）加大对财务机制的研究和开发； 3）将财务计划纳入保护计划； 4）参与减少海洋生态系统保护资金缺口的企业以及5）新兴海洋保护金融领域的定义，重点和专家。多部门和跨学科的合作对于缩小海洋保护资金缺口和维持海洋生态系统服务至关重要。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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