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Coastal erosion along the Caribbean coast of Colombia: Magnitudes, causes and management

机译：哥伦比亚加勒比海沿岸沿海侵蚀：数量，成因和管理

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"Sun, Sea and Sand" tourism is one of the fastest increasing activities in Colombia. The coast, specifically the Caribbean coast, represents the favourite destination for national and foreign visitors. However, over the last 30 years while tourism activities increased, coastal erosion became a serious problem rising in magnitude and dominance. This paper deals with a historic overview of Colombian Caribbean coastal erosion, the calculus of associated magnitudes and deepens knowledge and understanding of the different factors that control this process in this location. Coastal change in terms of erosion-sedimentation was determined by comparatives analysis of satellite images for the 1980-2014 period, as well as field surveys. Results showed circa 50% of the Colombian Caribbean coast is undergoing serious erosion. In detail, 48.3% (1182 km) of the investigated coast is experiencing erosion; 33.2% (812.6 km) can be considered stable, and 18.4% (450.5 km) is accreting. Coastal erosion can be associated with a diversity of factors contrasting in their degree of magnitude and influence, such as, amongst others: sedimentary imbalance, extreme waves, ecosystem destruction and sea level rise. These processes are often multiplied by human activities e.g. inappropriate building of coastal infrastructures, e.g. groins, illegal mining of sand and destruction of mangroves. Currently, coastal erosion produces not only beach loss but also deterioration of scenic quality and further significant financial investments for hard shore protection structures (groins and breakwaters, principally). Therefore, coastal erosion has become an obstacle that hinders the economic growth of Colombia. Results obtained can be used in the correct application of coastal management policies in order to preserve socio-economic activities, such tourism. Specifically, stronger management laws in line with Marine Spatial Planning attributes need to be implemented and enforced; more sustainable funding found for legislation and a better support network for decision making with the over riding objective of increased sustainability. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：“太阳，海洋和沙滩”旅游业是哥伦比亚增长最快的活动之一。海岸，特别是加勒比海海岸，是本国和外国游客的最爱目的地。然而，在过去的30年中，随着旅游活动的增加，海岸侵蚀成为一个严重的问题，其规模和主导地位不断上升。本文对哥伦比亚加勒比海沿岸侵蚀，相关规模的演算进行了历史性概述，并加深了对控制此地点过程的不同因素的认识和了解。通过对1980年至2014年期间的卫星图像进行比较分析以及实地调查，确定了侵蚀沉积的沿海变化。结果表明，约有50％的哥伦比亚加勒比海海岸遭受了严重侵蚀。详细地说，被调查海岸的48.3％（1182 km）正在遭受侵蚀； 33.2％（812.6 km）被认为是稳定的，而18.4％（450.5 km）正在增加。海岸侵蚀可能与多种因素有关，这些因素的规模和影响程度相反，例如：沉积失衡，极端海浪，生态系统破坏和海平面上升。这些过程通常乘以人类活动，例如沿海基础设施建设不当，例如腹股沟，非法开采沙子和破坏红树林。当前，沿海侵蚀不仅造成海滩损失，而且使风景质量下降，并进一步增加了对坚硬的海岸保护结构（主要是gro沟和防波堤）的财政投资。因此，海岸侵蚀已成为阻碍哥伦比亚经济增长的障碍。获得的结果可用于正确实施沿海管理政策，以保护社会经济活动，例如旅游业。具体来说，需要根据海洋空间规划的属性制定和实施更严格的管理法律；为立法找到了更多的可持续资金，并为决策提供了更好的支持网络，其首要目标是提高可持续性。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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