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A framework for the assessment of MPA effectiveness based on life history of fishes

机译：基于鱼类生活史的MPA有效性评估框架

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Changes in ecosystems structure and function due to the high impacts human pressures on oceans have led to the increasing numbers of Marine Protected Areas (MPA), since MPA are widely accepted as adequate tools to protect, maintain, and restore ocean ecosystems. Increases in density, size and biomass of organisms within protected areas have often been found. However, their worldwide effectiveness is compromised by the interaction of several factors, such as inadequate conduction of processes (e.g. due to political reasons) and the common lack of appropriate scientific datasets to support planning and management decisions. This study proposes a framework for assessing the potential effectiveness of an already implemented MPA and identifying major gaps. The framework is based on three components: species habitat association, species' life history and functional groups and pressures affecting the MPA. The potential of the MPA to support the lifecycle of fish species was assessed in order to identify effective management actions. The theoretical framework was applied to Arrabida MPA (Portugal) in order to exemplify its practical results. Arrabida MPA showed potential to support the lifecycle of most species, although some key life phases (spawning and nursery) are not efficiently protected by the actual limits/level of protection of the MPA, namely for some of the most important fisheries' target species. This framework is particularly useful as an alternative or a complementary support to early decisions for MPA management and the identification of priority actions needed to ensure the accomplishment of initial objectives or the suitability of their adaptation. This approach can be implemented in MPA worldwide, although the accuracy of results will be closely related with the quality of input data. The present framework can contribute to improve the effectiveness of global MPA networks and to fulfill international conservation targets, such as OSPAR, Convention for Biological Diversity and European Natura 2000 network. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：由于人类对海洋的巨大压力造成的生态系统结构和功能的变化导致海洋保护区（MPA）的数量不断增加，因为MPA被公认为是保护，维护和恢复海洋生态系统的适当工具。人们经常发现保护区内生物的密度，大小和生物量都有所增加。但是，它们在全球范围内的有效性受到多个因素相互作用的影响，例如过程进行不充分（例如由于政治原因）以及普遍缺乏适当的科学数据集来支持计划和管理决策。这项研究提出了一个框架，用于评估已经实施的MPA的潜在有效性并找出主要差距。该框架基于三个组成部分：物种栖息地协会，物种的生活史以及影响MPA的功能组和压力。为了确定有效的管理措施，对MPA支持鱼类生命周期的潜力进行了评估。该理论框架被应用于Arrabida MPA（葡萄牙），以举例说明其实际结果。尽管某些关键的生命阶段（产卵和育苗）没有受到MPA实际保护范围/保护水平（即某些最重要的渔业目标物种）的有效保护，但Arrabida MPA具有支持大多数物种生命周期的潜力。该框架作为MPA管理早期决策的替代或补充支持，以及为确保实现初始目标或其适应性所需要的优先行动的识别，特别有用。尽管结果的准确性将与输入数据的质量密切相关，但该方法可以在全世界的MPA中实施。本框架可有助于提高全球MPA网络的有效性，并实现国际保护目标，例如OSPAR，《生物多样性公约》和欧洲Natura 2000网络。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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