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Once bitten, twice shy: Aquaculture, stakeholder adaptive capacity, and policy implications of iterative stakeholder workshops; the case of Froya, Norway

机译：一次被咬，两次被害羞：水产养殖，利益相关者的适应能力以及利益相关者迭代研讨会的政策含义；挪威Froya案

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摘要

Stakeholder inclusion in coastal zone management is part of the Norwegian fabric of inclusive government, and essential for the legitimacy of the distribution of coastal areas for a variety of uses. Norway is currently dependent upon the commitment and motivations of the municipalities to fulfil its ICZM initiatives. These municipalities in turn are dependent upon the goodwill of their constituents, among which are the fishers, for the distribution of area rights, especially when distributing to the aquaculture industry. In Froya, these fishers have seldom made complaints against possible aquaculture localities, and have usually supported the governing institutions when coastal allocations are made in favour of aquaculture. With the possibility of a forthcoming supersized offshore salmon aquaculture facility in an important crabbing area, however, these stakeholders have come to the end of their goodwill. The following paper explores the use of iterative stakeholder workshops as a management tool. Ensuring that stakeholders are included in the management process can provide legitimacy thereof and minimize conflict. Insisting on iterative stakeholder workshops or consultations in processes that span longer time periods demonstrates that managers also take into account that constituent opinions are dynamic, and not static, and need to be accounted for, which could further legitimize their later decisions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：利益相关者在沿海地区管理中的包容性是挪威包容性政府结构的一部分，对于使沿海地区的分布具有多种用途的合法性至关重要。挪威目前依靠市政当局的承诺和动力来实现其ICZM计划。这些市政当局反过来依赖于其组成部分（包括渔民）的善意来分配区域权利，特别是在分配给水产养殖业时。在Froya，这些渔民很少对可能的水产养殖地点提出申诉，通常在为沿海水产分配有利于水产养殖的情况下支持管理机构。但是，由于在重要的捕蟹区即将兴建超大型近海鲑鱼养殖设施，这些利益相关者的商誉已经走到了尽头。以下论文探讨了将利益相关者迭代研讨会作为管理工具的使用。确保利益相关者包括在管理过程中可以使其合法性并使冲突最小化。在跨较长时间的过程中坚持参与利益相关者的迭代研讨会或磋商表明，管理者还考虑到了构成意见是动态的，而不是一成不变的，需要加以考虑，这可以进一步使他们后来的决定合法化。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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