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首页> 外文期刊>Ocean & coastal management >Coastal changes and land use alteration on Northeastern part of Turkey
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Coastal changes and land use alteration on Northeastern part of Turkey

机译：土耳其东北部的沿海变化和土地利用变化

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Coasts, not only today but throughout history, have been valuable, important and attractive areas for mankind. Unfortunately, the link between coasts and user has not been stayed in balance due to growing pressure from increasingly diverse human activities. Anthropogenic pressure on coastal areas is rising because of the fact that people are tend to settle by the coast for some reasons such as better transportation, nutrition and commerce. Many conflicts were observed during the establishment of mega cities on coastal zones. Unfortunately, sustainability is generally neglected through the solution process of the coastal problems. Even though, it is a relatively late step, the recent initiatives have a potential to decrease the anthropogenic pressure on coastal zones in Turkey. To achieve the best management strategy, there should be a well established connection between science and policy. Therefore novel technologies should be used for better monitoring and mapping the coastal zones. Coastline mapping is one of the fundamental steps of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) planning. In this study, coastal zone of the Trabzon city which comprises approximately 110 km length including central district and 9 coastal counties was investigated in terms of decadal coastline changes and associated land use/cover (LULC) types. Automatic extraction of the coastline was achieved by applying proposed methodology on multispectral Landsat TM/ETM images. To obtain the LULC classes, Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm was implemented and four classes, water, vegetation, impervious surface and bare soil were identified. Finally all graphical data was transferred and analyzed within GIS environment. The coastline changes were evaluated by using a GIS tool of Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). DSAS results revealed that, the net coastline change was reached up to 88.2 m in central region of Trabzon. It was found that during the time span (1984-2011) coastal agricultural lands were intentionally converted to impervious surfaces. The ratio analyses of the study area showed that impervious surface area was doubled for the last 27 years. The coastal zone of the region can be characterized with "accretion" type zone. The geomorphologic character, linear-littoral development of the city and recently completed North Anatolian highway might be dominant effects in shaping the coastal zone character. In conclusion, decadal change analyses prove that the coastal zone of the city is under severe anthropogenic effects as it can be observed in some other coasts of Turkey. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：不仅今天，而且在整个历史上，海岸都是人类宝贵，重要和有吸引力的地区。不幸的是，由于人类活动日益多样化，压力与海岸之间的联系并未保持平衡。沿海地区的人为压力正在上升，原因是人们出于某些原因（例如更好的交通，营养和商业）倾向于在沿海地区定居。在沿海地区建立大城市期间，观察到许多冲突。不幸的是，在解决沿海问题的过程中，可持续性通常被忽略。尽管这是一个相对较晚的步骤，但最近的举措有可能减轻土耳其沿海地区的人为压力。为了实现最佳管理策略，科学与政策之间应该建立起牢固的联系。因此，应使用新技术更好地监视和绘制沿海地区的地图。海岸线测绘是综合海岸带管理（ICZM）规划的基本步骤之一。在这项研究中，根据年代际海岸线变化和相关的土地利用/覆盖（LULC）类型，对特拉布宗市沿海地区进行了调查，该地区包括中央区和9个沿海县在内，全长约110公里。通过在多光谱Landsat TM / ETM图像上应用建议的方法，可以自动提取海岸线。为了获得LULC类别，实施了支持向量机（SVM）算法，并确定了四个类别：水，植被，不透水表面和裸土。最后，所有图形数据都在GIS环境中传输和分析。使用数字海岸线分析系统（DSAS）的GIS工具评估了海岸线的变化。 DSAS结果显示，特拉布宗中部地区的海岸线净变化达到88.2 m。结果发现，在这段时间（1984-2011年）中，沿海农田被有意地转化为不透水的土地。研究区域的比率分析表明，过去27年中，不可渗透的表面积增加了一倍。该地区的沿海地区可以用“增生”型地区来表征。城市的地貌特征，沿线的线性发展以及最近完成的北安纳托利亚高速公路可能是塑造沿海地带特征的主要因素。总之，年代际变化分析证明该城市的沿海地区受到了严重的人为影响，正如在土耳其其他沿海地区所观察到的那样。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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