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首页> 外文期刊>Ocean & coastal management >A typology of marine and estuarine hazards and risks as vectors of change: A review for vulnerable coasts and their management
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A typology of marine and estuarine hazards and risks as vectors of change: A review for vulnerable coasts and their management

机译：海洋和河口灾害和风险作为变化向量的类型学：对脆弱海岸及其管理的回顾

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摘要

This paper illustrates a typology of 14 natural and anthropogenic hazards, the evidence for their causes and consequences for society and their role as vectors of change in estuaries, vulnerable coasts and marine areas. It uses hazard as the potential that there will be damage to the natural or human system and so is the product of an event which could occur and the probability of it occurring whereas the degree of risk then relates to the amount of assets, natural or societal, which may be affected. We give long- and short-term and large- and small-scale perspectives showing that the hazards leading to disasters for society will include flooding, erosion and tsunamis. Clobal examples include the effects of wetland loss and the exacerbation of problems by building on vulnerable coasts. Hence we emphasise the importance of considering hazard and risk on such coasts and consider the tools for assessing and managing the impacts of risk and hazard. These allow policy-makers to determine the consequences for natural and human systems. We separate locally-derived problems from large-scale effects (e.g. climate change, sea-level rise and isostatic rebound); we emphasise that the latter unmanaged exogenic pressures require a response to the consequences rather than the causes whereas within a management area there are endogenic managed pressures in which we address both to causes and consequences. The problems are put into context by assessing hazards and the conflicts between different uses and users and lience the management responses needed. We emphasise that integrated and sustainable management of the hazards and risk requires 10-tenets to be fulfilled.
机译：本文阐述了14种自然和人为危害的类型，提供了其对社会的成因和后果以及它们在河口，脆弱海岸和海洋地区变化的媒介中的作用的证据。它以危害为可能对自然或人为系统造成损害的可能性，因此将可能发生的事件的产物及其发生的可能性也作为风险，而风险的程度则与自然或社会资产的数量有关，这可能会受到影响。我们给出了长期和短期以及大型和小型的观点，表明导致社会灾难的危害将包括洪水，侵蚀和海啸。世俗的例子包括湿地流失的影响以及由于在脆弱的海岸上建造而加剧的问题。因此，我们强调考虑此类海岸的危害和风险的重要性，并考虑评估和管理风险和危害影响的工具。这些使决策者能够确定对自然和人类系统的影响。我们将局部问题与大规模影响分开（例如气候变化，海平面上升和等静回弹）;我们强调指出，后一种不受控制的外源压力需要对后果而不是原因做出反应，而在管理区域内，存在着内源性的管理压力，在这种压力下，我们既要解决原因又要解决后果。通过评估危害以及不同用途和用户之间的冲突，并根据所需的管理对策进行管理，将问题置于背景之中。我们强调，对危害和风险进行全面，可持续的管理需要达到10条原则。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2014年第6期|88-99|共12页
  • 作者

    Michael Elliott; Nicholas D. Cutts; Anna Trono;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;

    Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;

    Department of Heritage, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy;

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