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Coastal resources, livelihoods and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia

机译：印度尼西亚亚齐的沿海资源，生计和2004年印度洋海啸

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摘要

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami drastically altered the coastal zone of Aceh, Indonesia. Tsunami induced erosion of the coast, including aquaculture farms (tambak) and mangrove forests, destroyed livelihood opportunities and access to coastal resources. The following paper discusses impacts of the tsunami on coastal resources and the associated coastal and disaster management implications. Data is drawn from a time series of digitised mean high water marks (MHWM's) sourced from Google Earth imagery, along with areal measurements of tambak, mangrove and casuarina cover and qualitative interviews with local residents. Two sites, namely, the Banda Aceh west coast and Lhok Nga Bay were studied. The results reveal that within these study sites 68% of mangroves and 92% of tambak ponds have not recovered since the tsunami resulting in the loss of between 241 and 725 tambak livelihoods and mangrove supplied resources including food, wood and shelter. Unique coastal environments respond to, and recover from, tsunami differently depending on factors such as tsunami characteristics, wave climate, sediment supply, vegetation, morphology and level of pre-disturbance human modification. While the study supports recent findings that mangrove and casuarina forests do not substantially mitigate the impact of large tsunamis, it strongly encourages their conservation for the environmental and economic sustainability of coastal communities. The study recommends that better integrated management of coastal resources such as mangroves and tambak, considering disaster management, environmental and economic concerns, will strengthen the resiliency of vulnerable coastal communities such as those in Aceh to future disaster.
机译：2004年印度洋海啸极大地改变了印度尼西亚亚齐省的沿海地区。海啸引发了海岸的侵蚀，包括水产养殖场（坦巴克）和红树林，破坏了生计机会，无法利用沿海资源。下文讨论了海啸对沿海资源的影响以及相关的沿海和灾害管理影响。数据来自Google Earth影像中的数字化平均高水位线（MHWM）时间序列，以及坦巴克，红树林和木麻黄覆盖的面积测量值以及对当地居民的定性采访。研究了班达亚齐西海岸和Lhok Nga湾两个地点。结果表明，自海啸以来，在这些研究地点中，有68％的红树林和92％的坦巴克池塘尚未恢复，导致坦巴克的生计减少了241至725，而红树林提供的资源包括食物，木材和庇护所。独特的沿海环境根据海啸特征，海浪气候，沉积物供应，植被，形态和干扰前人类改造水平等因素对海啸的响应和从海啸中恢复的方式有所不同。尽管该研究支持了最近的发现，即红树林和木麻黄森林并不能在很大程度上减轻海啸的影响，但它强烈鼓励为沿海社区的环境和经济可持续性进行保护。研究建议，考虑到灾害管理，环境和经济问题，对红树林和坦巴克等沿海资源进行更好的综合管理，将加强亚齐等脆弱沿海社区对未来灾害的抵御能力。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2013年第1期|176-186|共11页
  • 作者

    Christina Griffin; David Ellis; Sara Beavis; Doracie Zoleta-Nantes;

  • 作者单位

    Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia,Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia;

    Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia;

    Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia;

    Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia;

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