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Review of the legal aspects of environmental management in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand

机译：审查南中国海和泰国湾环境管理的法律方面

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The mandate of the Legal Task Force established under the South China Sea project was to evaluate the present status of legal environmental instruments at national, sub-regional and regional levels with a view to exploring ways to strengthen regional co-operation in the environmental management of the South China Sea. This article provides an overview of: signatory states' obligations for regional cooperation under major global environmental conventions; the status of existing regional co-operative mechanisms and instruments, including regional agreements and 'soft' laws1; national environmental legislation; and an analysis of national environmental legislation regarding major issues and themes of interest. This article demonstrates that, while the global and international conventions to which the countries of the South China Sea are parties convey obligations on the states to co-operate regionally, this obligation has generally not been met. In addition, there is no single legally-binding regional intergovernmental agreement on marine environmental protection that involves all the countries bordering the South China Sea. This review indicates that, while all countries have a suite of legal instruments designed to protect the environment and conserve natural resources, these are often not harmonised and integrated with national policies. Countries continue to be without an integrated coastal/marine management policy that sets clear priorities, principles and guidelines that can steer policy conflicts towards resolution and encourage government agencies and offices to see themselves as part of a larger effort towards proper management of coastal and marine habitats. The article concludes with a review of potential mechanisms for future regional co-operation in environmental management and proposes alternative models. Lessons learned from the global community and regional programmes indicate a growing emphasis on the domestic implementation of global instruments via regional co-operative initiatives and maximising effectiveness. An emerging trend is the proliferation of calls to 'strategically' address these two needs. This suggests that an appropriate course of action for a region seeking to strengthen co-operation would be forging a legal agreement that suits regional needs and interests and, in so doing, incorporates 'effectiveness' into the design. It is further concluded that the SCS region is in a unique and enviable position. Unlike most other regions, it has never adopted a legally-binding instrument and, consequently, it is free of precedent and other legal baggage. Regional co-operation is gaining momentum and South China Sea states are indicating a greater concern for environmental sustainability. There is also a growing recognition that the inefficient use of resources will only worsen without horizontal and vertical co-ordination and regional co-operation. It seems an appropriate time to consider an effective and region-appropriate course for long-term sustainability of the South China Sea and its resources, including consideration of a regional framework for co-operation, co-ordination and communication. Political commitment will determine whether any new co-operative framework becomes a paper tiger or an Asian tiger.
机译：在南中国海项目下设立的法律工作队的任务是评估国家，分区域和区域各级法律环境文书的现状，以期探索在加强环境管理方面加强区域合作的方法。南中国海。本文概述了以下内容：签署国在主要的全球环境公约下的区域合作义务；现有区域合作机制和手段的状况，包括区域协议和“软”法律1；国家环境立法；并对有关重大问题和主题的国家环境立法进行了分析。本文表明，尽管南海国家加入的全球和国际公约传达了各州在区域合作中的义务，但这一义务通常并未得到履行。此外，还没有一个具有法律约束力的区域性政府间海洋环境保护协定，涉及南中国海的所有国家。这项审查表明，尽管所有国家都有一套旨在保护环境和保护自然资源的法律文书，但这些文书往往没有与国家政策协调统一。各国仍然没有制定明确的优先事项，原则和指导方针的沿海/海洋综合管理政策，这些政策，政策和指导可将政策冲突引向解决方案，并鼓励政府机构和办公室将自己视作正确管理沿海和海洋生境的更大努力的一部分。本文最后总结了在环境管理方面未来区域合作的潜在机制，并提出了替代模型。从全球社会和区域方案中吸取的教训表明，通过区域合作举措和最大程度地提高效率，人们越来越重视在国内执行全球文书。一种新兴趋势是“从战略上”解决这两个需求的呼声越来越高。这表明，对于一个寻求加强合作的地区而言，适当的行动方针是与地区需求和利益达成法律协议，并在设计中纳入“有效性”。进一步得出结论，南海区域处于独特和令人羡慕的位置。与大多数其他地区不同，它从未采用具有法律约束力的文书，因此，它没有任何先例和其他法律包.。区域合作正在蓬勃发展，而南中国海各州正越来越关注环境的可持续性。人们也越来越认识到，如果没有横向和纵向协调以及区域合作，资源的低效利用只会加剧。现在似乎是时候考虑为南中国海及其资源的长期可持续性制定有效和区域适当的路线的适当时机，包括考虑区域合作，协调和沟通框架。政治承​​诺将决定是否有任何新的合作框架成为纸老虎或亚洲老虎。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2013年第ptab期|257-267|共11页
  • 作者

    Mohd Nizam Basiron; Shelley M. Lexmond;

  • 作者单位

    Maritime Institute of Malaysia, Unit B-06-08, Megan Avenue Ⅱ. 12, Jalan Yap Kwan Seng, 50450 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;

    3 Pandan Valley, 16-304A Chempaka Court, Singapore 597627, Singapore;

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