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Present status and prospects of artificial reefs in Thailand

机译：泰国人工鱼礁的现状和前景

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Artificial reefs (ARs) are important entities aimed to restore and enhance resources throughout the world. In order to develop Thailand's AR program, the current distribution of ARs and natural reefs was investigated. Also the materials used for AR construction were studied. A high distribution of ARs was found in coastal areas (depth <30 m) that lacked natural reefs. Of the total sea areas, shallow water areas (depth <10 m) showed to have a higher distribution of ARs with a density ratio of 0.06. AR program's trends from various coastal countries showed that the data presented a wide field of studies on AR in numerous countries, ranging from structure research to physical, biological, and economical monitoring. In comparison, however, a relatively narrow range of studies have been done for Thailand, most of which were concerned with productivity and ecological success. The data also reflected the use of various materials and types of structures in AR construction in other countries, but this variety was not visible in that of Thailand. In addition, while the use of a variety of structures has enabled many countries to deploy ARs in deeper waters to enhance and restore resources, Thailand's AR deployment was shown to only have a high distribution and density ratio of ARs in shallow areas because of the use of relatively primitive structures and deployment methods. Upon comparison of AR programs in various countries, it seems that Thailand lacks the necessary technology, future plans and information about recent trends. Shallow waters (depth <10 m) will undoubtedly be important AR deployment sites for the restoration and enhancement resources, but in order to counteract the present environmental damages and decline of marine resources, it will be necessary to conduct a much wider field of studies. In addition, more effective deployment plans should be implemented to focus on deeper waters (depth >10 m), which may be beneficial for the future AR program development. According to previous studies, AR development in Thailand should be improved with more effective methods of structure construction, planning, and techniques in order to restore the environment and the coastal resources.
机译：人工鱼礁（ARs）是旨在恢复和增强全世界资源的重要实体。为了发展泰国的AR项目，研究了AR和天然珊瑚礁的当前分布。还研究了用于AR构造的材料。在缺乏天然珊瑚礁的沿海地区（深度<30 m）发现了大量的AR。在总海域中，浅水区（深度<10 m）显示出较高的ARs分布，密度比为0.06。来自各个沿海国家的增强现实计划的趋势表明，这些数据为许多国家的增强现实研究提供了广泛的领域，从结构研究到物理，生物学和经济监测。但是，相比之下，泰国的研究范围相对狭窄，其中大多数与生产力和生态成功有关。数据还反映了其他国家在AR建筑中使用各种材料和结构类型的情况，但是这种变化在泰国并不明显。此外，尽管使用多种结构使许多国家能够在更深的水域部署增速器以增强和恢复资源，但泰国的增速器部署由于在浅水区的使用而仅具有较高的分布和密度比相对原始的结构和部署方法。通过比较各国的AR计划，泰国似乎缺乏必要的技术，未来计划和有关最新趋势的信息。浅水区（深度<10 m）无疑将是AR恢复和增强资源的重要部署地点，但是为了抵消当前对环境造成的破坏和海洋资源的减少，有必要进行更广泛的研究。此外，应实施更有效的部署计划，将重点放在更深的水域（深度大于10 m），这可能对将来的AR项目开发有利。根据以前的研究，应该通过更有效的结构建造，规划和技术方法来改善泰国的AR开发，以恢复环境和沿海资源。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2012年第3期|p.21-33|共13页
  • 作者

    Apitha Kheawwongjan; Dong-Sun Kim;

  • 作者单位

    Interdisciplinary Program of Ocean Industrial Engineering, Pukyong National University, Susan 608-737, Republic of Korea;

    Research Center for Ocean Industrial Development (RCOID), Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeon 3-dong, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea;

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