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Assessing the impact of bycatch on Ecuadorian humpback whale breeding stock: A review with management recommendations

机译：评估兼捕对厄瓜多尔座头鲸繁殖种群的影响：审查与管理建议

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摘要

The Southeastern Pacific Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae reproduces from June to September off the coast of Ecuador where a large artisana! fisheries fleet consisting of more than 15,000 vessels operates year round. The bycatch impact on this humpback population has been overlooked. Based on the annual bycatch mortality documented in this study, about 0.53% (95% Cl 0.2-1.5%) of the population might be potentially bycaught in gillnets annually. Depending on the total population numbers estimated and reported elsewhere for this stock (2917 or 6277 whales), the bycatch mortality is equivalent to 15 or 33 whales per year. A significant correlation was found between the annual bycatch rate and fishing effort for the period 2000-2009 (r = 0.68, p < 0.05). An increase in artisanal fisheries may cause drastic consequences since humpback whales as K-strategists have low birth and survival rates. Calves are probably the most threatened age class due to gillnet entanglements in proximity to coastal waters where artisanal vessels operate. The Ecuadorian breeding grounds for humpback whales migrating from Antarctica might become a hot spot for bycatch in the Southeastern Tropical Pacific, if the bycatch rate continues to increase. Urgent mitigation strategies coupled with precautionary management and conservation measures are required to protect this vulnerable stock of whales in the long term. The consequences of humpback whale bycatch off coastal Ecuador and possible solutions to mitigate the bycatch are analyzed.
机译：东南太平洋座头鲸Megaptera novaeangliae于6月至9月在厄瓜多尔沿海繁衍的大型手工艺品繁殖！全年有超过15,000艘船组成的渔业船队。兼捕对这一座头鲸种群的影响已被忽略。根据本研究记录的年度兼捕死亡率，每年约有0.53％（95％Cl 0.2-1.5％）的人口可能被刺网捕获。根据该种群（2917或6277头鲸）在其他地方估计和报告的总人口数，兼捕物死亡率相当于每年15或33头鲸。在2000-2009年期间，年度兼捕率与捕捞努力之间发现显着相关性（r = 0.68，p <0.05）。手工捕捞的增加可能会引起严重后果，因为座头鲸由于K策略家的出生率和存活率较低。由于刺网缠绕在手工船作业的沿海水域附近，犊牛可能是受威胁最大的年龄段。如果兼捕率持续上升，厄瓜多尔从南极洲迁徙的座头鲸繁殖地可能会成为东南热带太平洋兼捕的热点。为了长期保护这种脆弱的鲸鱼种群，需要采取紧急的缓解策略以及预防性管理和养护措施。分析了厄瓜多尔沿海地区座头鲸副渔获物的后果以及减轻副渔获物的可能解决方案。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2012年第3期|p.34-43|共10页
  • 作者

    Juan Jose Alava; Maria Jose Barragan; Judith Denkinger;

  • 作者单位

    School of Resource & Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada,Fundacion Ecuatoriana para el Estudio de Mamlferos Marinos (FEMM), Guayaquil, Ecuador;

    Department of Geography. Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St.John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada,Nazca, Institute of Marine Research, Cabo San Francisco, Canton Muisne, Ecuador;

    Galapagos Institute for the Arts and Science (GAIAS), University San Francisco de Quito, Circuto de Cumbaya, Quito, Ecuador,Nazca, Institute of Marine Research, Cabo San Francisco, Canton Muisne, Ecuador;

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