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Assessing national wetland policies' portrayal of wetlands: Public resources or private goods?

机译：评估国家湿地政策对湿地的描述：公共资源还是私人物品？

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摘要

Despite varying degrees of regulation, policies and standards across different nations, wetlands are consistently being destroyed, devastated and converted to other land uses at a rate more rapid than any other ecosystem. We attempt to understand this disconnection between policy and wetland protection by comparing how wetlands are portrayed in eighteen national wetland policies. It was found that nations with strong-market economies tended to subjectively and objectively characterize wetlands in a vague and indirect fashion; whereas nations with weaker-market economies tended to portray wetlands in a direct and distinct fashion. The results suggest that higher degrees of wetland protection are offered in national policies when wetlands are portrayed as public resources; conversely when wetlands are portrayed as private goods, policies are less apt to provide clear platforms for economic incentives leading to ecosystem-wide protection. Given the state of global wetland health and the alarming trend of global wetland decline, we argue that wetland policy frameworks should portray wetlands as public resources in a direct and prescriptive fashion.
机译：尽管不同国家的法规，政策和标准的程度不同，但湿地一直以比任何其他生态系统更快的速度被破坏，破坏和转化为其他土地用途。我们试图通过比较十八个国家湿地政策中对湿地的描述来理解政策与湿地保护之间的这种脱节。人们发现，拥有强大市场经济的国家倾向于以模糊和间接的方式主观和客观地描述湿地的特征。市场经济较弱的国家倾向于以直接和独特的方式描绘湿地。结果表明，当将湿地描述为公共资源时，国家政策将提供更高程度的湿地保护；相反，当湿地被描述为私人产品时，政策就不太容易为经济激励措施提供明确的平台，从而导致对整个生态系统的保护。考虑到全球湿地健康状况和全球湿地下降的惊人趋势，我们认为湿地政策框架应以直接和规范的方式将湿地描述为公共资源。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2012年第3期|p.36-46|共11页
  • 作者

    Deborah Durigon; Gordon M. Hickey; Nicolas Kosoy;

  • 作者单位

    McGill-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Collaborating Centre on Environmental Assessment, Macdonald Stewart Building, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9 Canada;

    McGill-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Collaborating Centre on Environmental Assessment, Macdonald Stewart Building, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9 Canada,McGill School of Environment & Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9 Canada;

    McGill-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Collaborating Centre on Environmental Assessment, Macdonald Stewart Building, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9 Canada,McGill School of Environment & Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9 Canada;

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