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What are MPAs for: On goal formation and displacement

机译：MPA有哪些用途：关于目标形成和置换

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摘要

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are established for various purposes. Some are aimed at protection, some are intended as resource management tools, while others imply both of these objectives, as well as others. Regardless of the stated goals, the same MPA can mean different things to different people, and these meanings may be inconsistent. In practice, MPA goals are not always stated clearly, and even if they are, they do not necessary align well with what the different actors have in mind. Moreover, the stated goals are not always those that govern the actual operation of MPAs. The priorities of goals may also change over time for stakeholders and for MPAs. In this paper we argue that the goals of MPAs should not be assumed a priori but should be researched empirically. Thus, before we can answer why MPAs succeed or fail in reaching their goals, we must ask what these goals are in the first place and how they came into existence. How are they, for instance, established, negotiated and agreed upon among stakeholders? How do they reflect particular interests, perspectives and power differentials of those involved? Here, we provide a framework for how to analyze the formation, complexity, and displacement of goals in MPAs, presenting three case studies as illustration.
机译：建立海洋保护区（MPA）有多种目的。一些旨在保护，一些旨在用作资源管理工具，而其他一些则暗示着这两个目标，以及其他一些隐含着。无论声明的目标是什么，同一MPA对不同的人可能意味着不同的含义，并且这些含义可能不一致。在实践中，MPA目标并非总是清楚地陈述，即使目标明确，也不一定能与不同参与者的想法保持一致。此外，声明的目标并不总是控制MPA实际操作的目标。对于利益相关者和MPA，目标的优先级也可能随着时间而改变。在本文中，我们认为，MPA的目标不应被假定为先验，而应通过经验进行研究。因此，在我们回答为什么MPA成功或失败实现其目标之前，我们必须先问这些目标是什么以及它们是如何实现的。例如，如何在利益相关者之间建立，谈判和达成共识？它们如何反映参与人员的特定利益，观点和权力差异？在这里，我们提供了一个框架，用于分析MPA中目标的形成，复杂性和目标位移，并以三个案例研究为例。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2011年第1期|p.75-83|共9页
  • 作者

    SveinJentoft; Ratana Chuenpagdee; Jose J. Pascual-Fernandez;

  • 作者单位

    Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University ofTromso, Norway;

    Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada;

    Institute of Social and Political Sciences, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;

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