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Changes in Scottish coastal fishing communities—Understanding socio-economic dynamics to aid management, planning and policy

机译：苏格兰沿海捕捞社区的变化—了解社会经济动态，以协助管理，规划和政策

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摘要

This paper demonstrates how coastal areas, socio-economically dependent on marine capture fisheries, are working towards long-term sustainable community development. Two case studies (Shetland Islands and the North East region) were selected from Scotland, on the basis of their geographical (island versus mainland) and sectoral representation. The challenges facing these areas are typical for many coastal communities around the world. An outline of the current decline in fishing activity is described, with a spotlight on Scotland, to illustrate trends and issues at stake. The relationships between onshore human settlements, employment prospects and offshore activities including aquaculture, fishing, oil and gas, are explained. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis summarises emerging questions and new developments, highlighting the need to include information on social and economic factors in management plans and formulation of policy. The case study profiles inform on advances in economic and social diversification opportunities, e.g. through aquaculture, leisure and tourism initiatives. In recognition of the declining economic value of the oil industry to Shetland, this community has adopted a policy to identify and encourage potential development opportunities in its traditional industries, e.g. supporting fishing activities. In contrast, the North East of Scotland's approach is to create a more diverse sustainable economy by broadening its business base and re-training its workforce. Lessons learnt from the case studies are considered in the context of how they can aid current developments in policy such as the UK's efforts towards implementing the European Commission's recommendations on ICZM.
机译：本文展示了社会经济上依赖海洋捕捞渔业的沿海地区如何为社区的长期可持续发展而努力。根据苏格兰的地理（岛屿对大陆）和部门代表性，从苏格兰选择了两个案例研究（设得兰群岛和东北地区）。这些地区面临的挑战对于全球许多沿海社区而言都是典型的。描述了当前捕捞活动下降的轮廓，并以苏格兰为重点，以说明趋势和问题。解释了陆上人类住区，就业前景与包括水产养殖，渔业，石油和天然气在内的近海活动之间的关系。优势，劣势，机会和威胁（SWOT）分析总结了新出现的问题和新发展，强调需要在管理计划和政策制定中包括有关社会和经济因素的信息。案例研究的概况介绍了经济和社会多样化机会的进展，例如通过水产养殖，休闲和旅游活动。认识到石油工业对设得兰群岛的经济价值下降，该社区采取了一项政策，以识别和鼓励其传统工业中的潜在发展机会，例如支持钓鱼活动。相比之下，苏格兰东北部的做法是通过扩大业务基础和对员工进行再培训来创造更加多样化的可持续经济。从案例研究中汲取的教训将在它们如何有助于当前政策发展的背景下加以考虑，例如英国为实施欧盟委员会有关ICZM的建议所做的努力。

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