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首页> 外文期刊>Ocean & coastal management >Environmental heterogeneity at small spatial scales affects population and community dynamics on intertidal rocky shores of a threatened bay system
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Environmental heterogeneity at small spatial scales affects population and community dynamics on intertidal rocky shores of a threatened bay system

机译：小空间尺度上的环境异质性影响受威胁海湾系统潮间带多岩石海岸上的人口和社区动态

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Coastal areas are critical transition zones between marine and terrestrial domains that support a large diversity of species but are exposed to significant anthropogenic impacts. While most conservation and management strategies rely on understanding the drivers of diversity over large scales, the importance of small-scale variation in environmental conditions can be overlooked. Here we combined a descriptive and experimental approach to describe the spatio-temporal dynamics of sessile communities and of the population of the barnacleChthamalus bisinuatuswithin Araçá Bay, a transition zone in southeastern Brazil threatened by the expansion of the São Sebastião Port. We compared the relative coverage of sessile organisms from rocky shores for 20 months and several population parameters of barnacles in three distinct regions of Araçá Bay, a few hundred meters apart: the inner portion, close to the Mãe Isabel River and the Port, the middle of the Bay, and the outer region, close to the bay entrance. Community structure varied significantly over these small spatial scales; the macroalgaUlva lactucaand the oysterCrassostreasp. were more abundant in the inner portion of the Bay, where the influence of freshwater and organic pollution from Mãe Isabel River is more intense. Recruitment and density ofC. bisinuatuswas higher on the shores close to the mouth of the Bay, but individual size increased as one moves into the bay. Experimental manipulation of barnacles originally recruiting at the outer part of the bay and translocated to both outer and inner positions showed that while recruitment is restricted at the inner region, barnacle growth and survival are higher than at the outer shore. Our results suggest that the gradient of physical conditions created along the Araçá Bay can result in distinct dynamics of communities and populations and that the region close to the mouth of the bay is more dynamic, with a larger turnover of space. In the opposite direction, the inner part of the bay, which is closer to the São Sebastião Port, is more prone to be disturbed by any large human modification on the coast as populations are less dynamic and communities tend to be monopolized by species associated with organic pollution. Besides providing useful data for the management of Araçá Bay, our results also show that small-scale variation of environmental conditions can contribute to create distinct dynamics of populations and communities and should be addressed in assessments of environmental impacts on the coast.
机译：沿海地区是海洋和陆地之间的关键过渡区，支持多种物种，但受到重大的人为影响。尽管大多数保护和管理策略都依赖于了解大规模生物多样性的驱动因素，但可以忽略环境条件小规模变化的重要性。在这里，我们结合了描述性和实验性方法，描述了巴西东南部受圣塞巴斯蒂安港口扩张威胁的过渡区阿拉卡湾内无柄群落和藤壶Chthamalus bisinuatus种群的时空动态。我们比较了岩石海岸20个月的固着生物的相对覆盖率和距离几百米的阿拉卡湾三个不同区域的藤壶的几个种群参数：内部，靠近伊萨贝尔河和港口，中间海湾和外部区域，靠近海湾入口。在这些较小的空间尺度上，社区结构发生了巨大变化。大型藻和乳牡蛎Crassostreasp。海湾内部的水更丰富，MãeIsabel河的淡水和有机污染的影响更加强烈。 C的招聘和密度。 bisinuatus在靠近海湾口的海岸上较高，但是随着一个人进入海湾，个体的大小增加了。最初在海湾外部募集并转移到外部和内部位置的藤壶的实验操作表明，尽管内部区域的募集受到限制，但藤壶的生长和存活率高于外部海岸。我们的研究结果表明，沿阿拉卡湾创建的物理条件的梯度可能导致社区和人口的动态变化，并且靠近海湾口的区域更加活跃，空间转换更大。在相反的方向上，更靠近圣塞巴斯蒂昂港的海湾内部更容易受到海岸上任何大型人类改造的干扰，因为种群的动态性较弱并且群落往往被与之相关的物种所垄断有机污染。除了为阿拉卡湾的管理提供有用的数据外，我们的结果还表明，环境条件的小范围变化可能有助于创造独特的人口和社区动态，应该在评估对海岸的环境影响时加以解决。

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