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Spatial and temporal effects of management on the reef seascape of a marine protected area in the Mexican Caribbean

机译：管理对墨西哥加勒比海洋保护区珊瑚礁海景的时空影响

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Ecological degradation on Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) still occur as a result of anthropogenic pressure and environmental variation. Considering that protected areas can be restrictive to human activities, it is essential to assess their effectiveness. In this study, we evaluated the spatial and temporal effects of management on the seascape of the Cozumel Reefs National Park (CRNP) in the Mexican Caribbean. Quantitative estimates of the percentage of coverage of benthic substrates, and the location of coral reefs, were used to construct benthic habitat maps based on the supervised classifications of high resolution satellite images. Using spatially explicit analyses, the variation of seascape metrics for the period 2004-2015, was compared between two adjacent areas (inside and outside the protected area). Habitat beta-diversity and connectivity between the Marine Protected Area (MPA) and the adjacent uncontrolled area, suggest that the CRNP is having an effect over time on the coral reef seascape (p 0.05). These metrics decreased over time, but change was reduced inside the protected area. The shape complexity of patches and benthic habitat coverage also changed over time, but with no relation to the MPA. In general, with the exception of the habitats dominated by sand over rock, sandy beds with minimum or no vegetation, and dominated by macroalgae, patches became less compact. Management in the CRNP limits the physical damage to benthic habitats and the protected area has characteristics that have been recognised as important on effective MPAs. However, our results indicate that the ability of this MPA to counteract change at a seascape scale is limited. Furthermore, funding on MPAs in the country has been consistently reduced over the last decade. Considering the importance of sufficient funding on effectiveness and the necessity to maintain ecological services provided by coral reef systems in the region, this needs to be re-considered.
机译：由于人为压力和环境变化，海洋保护区（MPA）上的生态退化仍在发生。考虑到保护区可能限制人类活动，因此必须评估其有效性。在这项研究中，我们评估了管理对墨西哥加勒比海考祖梅礁国家公园（CRNP）海景的时空影响。根据高分辨率卫星图像的监督分类，使用底栖生物覆盖百分比的定量估计以及珊瑚礁的位置来构建底栖生物栖息地地图。使用空间显式分析，比较了两个相邻区域（在保护区之内和之外）2004-2015年期间海洋景观指标的变化。生境的β多样性和海洋保护区（MPA）与相邻的非控制区之间的连通性表明，CRNP随着时间的流逝对珊瑚礁海景产生了影响（p <0.05）。这些指标随着时间的推移而减少，但是在保护区内的变化却减少了。斑块的形状复杂性和底栖生境的覆盖度也随时间变化，但与MPA无关。总体而言，除了栖息地以岩石上的沙子为主，植被最少或没有植被的沙床以及大型藻类为主的生境之外，斑块变得不太紧凑。 CRNP中的管理限制了对底栖生境的物理损害，保护区具有公认的有效MPA重要特征。但是，我们的结果表明，这种MPA抵抗海景尺度变化的能力是有限的。此外，在过去十年中，该国对海洋保护区的资金一直在减少。考虑到为有效性提供足够资金的重要性以及维持该区域珊瑚礁系统提供的生态服务的必要性，这需要重新考虑。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2019年第3期|50-57|共8页
  • 作者

    Cruz-Vazquez Carlos; Rioja-Nieto Rodolfo; Enriquez Cecilia;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Escuela Nacl Estudios Super, Unidad Merida, Carretera Merida Tetiz,Km 4, Ucu 97357, Yucatan, Mexico;

    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Unidad Multidisciplinaria Docencia & Invest Sisal, Lab Oceanog & Proc Costeros, Carretera Sierra Papacal Chuburna Puerto Km 5, Sierra Papacal 97302, Yucatan, Mexico;

    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Posgrad Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Sierra Papacal, Yucatan, Mexico;

    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Unidad Multidisciplinaria Docencia & Invest Sisal, Lab Anal Espacial Zonas Costeras, Carretera Sierra Papacal Chuburna Puerto Km 5, Sierra Papacal 97302, Yucatan, Mexico;

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