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Exposure of marine turtle nesting grounds to coastal modifications: Implications for management

机译：海龟筑巢地暴露于沿海环境：对管理的意义

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摘要

Coastal areas are used by both marine turtles and humans which may result in marine turtle nesting grounds being exposed to human activities like coastal modifications. Several studies have investigated the effects of specific types of coastal modifications on marine turtles and their habitat. However, limited information exists on cumulative exposure of nesting grounds to coastal modifications. This study examines the spatial and temporal exposure of 203 marine turtle nesting grounds in Florida to coastal modifications. For this, we used coastal permits issued from 1985 through 2016 as a proxy for coastal modifications. To test the suitability of the permit database as a proxy for coastal modification, 34 marine turtle nesting beaches in the Florida Panhandle were ground-truthed to determine the presence of coastal modifications and their correlation with issued permits. The modification types analyzed were 1) construction landward of dune, 2) construction in dune, 3) construction on beach, 4) construction in water, 5) beach armoring, 6) other shoreline stabilization, 7) beach sand placement, 8) beach cleaning 9) dune vegetation planting, 10) sand fencing, 11) special events, and 12) stormwater outfall. The most common permit type was construction landward of the dune (65.72%), followed by construction within the dune (16.43%). The cumulative number of permits for the state of Florida increased over time (between 1985 and 2016) from less than one thousand permits issued per year to over four thousand permits issued per year. 93.5% of the nesting beaches examined throughout the state were exposed to cumulative coastal modifications. Of the high-density nesting beaches, twenty-six had high exposure to coastal modifications, whereas fifteen had low exposure to coastal modifications. Our study highlights the need for conservation strategies to consider the cumulative impacts of coastal modifications to marine turtle nesting grounds.
机译：海龟和人类都使用沿海地区，这可能会导致海龟筑巢场暴露于人类活动（如海岸改造）中。几项研究调查了特定类型的海岸改造对海龟及其栖息地的影响。但是，关于筑巢场对沿海改建物的累积暴露的信息有限。这项研究研究了佛罗里达州203个海龟筑巢场在沿海地区的时空变化。为此，我们使用了从1985年到2016年颁发的沿海许可证，作为沿海修改的代理。为了测试许可证数据库是否适合作为沿海修改的代理，对佛罗里达Panhandle的34个海龟筑巢海滩进行了地面实测，以确定沿海修改的存在及其与已发布许可证的相关性。分析的修改类型为：1）沙丘的建筑向岸，2）沙丘的建筑，3）海滩的建筑，4）水中的建筑，5）海滩装甲，6）其他海岸线加固，7）海滩沙地放置，8）海滩清洁9）沙丘植物种植，10）围栏，11）特殊事件和12）雨水排放口。最常见的许可证类型是沙丘向地面施工（65.72％），其次是在沙丘内进行施工（16.43％）。佛罗里达州的累积许可证数量随着时间的推移（从1985年到2016年）从每年少于一千张增加到每年超过四千张。整个州检查的93.5％的嵌套海滩暴露于累积的沿海变化。在高密度的嵌套海滩中，有26个对沿海改造的暴露程度较高，而15个对沿海改造的暴露程度较低。我们的研究强调需要采取保护策略，以考虑沿海改造对海龟筑巢场的累积影响。

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