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首页> 外文期刊>Ocean & coastal management >Survey and assessment of seabed resources from the Brazilian continental shelf by the law of the sea: From national to international jurisdictions
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Survey and assessment of seabed resources from the Brazilian continental shelf by the law of the sea: From national to international jurisdictions

机译：根据海洋法对巴西大陆架的海底资源进行调查和评估：从国家管辖区到国际管辖区

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Known as "Blue Amazon", the Brazilian Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ) has one of the richest marine ecosystems of the world with a huge potential of seabed resources. Focusing on the state of Brazil, the present study describes the state of the art of Brazilian maritime mining operations in the EEZ and areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BNJ), and further analysis it in the light of the main institutional arrangements and the compliance with the articles of The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) related to seabed resources. Thus, UNCLOS' articles related to Brazilian seabed resources were evaluated for the EEZ and areas BNJ, as well as their resources and policies implemented for research, prospection and exploitation of them. In the period between 2000 and 2017, after 22 years of UNCLOS ratified in Brazil, most of these assessments were speculative and focused on the exploitation of seabed resources in the EEZ in the near future. Recent studies in areas BNJ showed, for the first time, the economic and political interest in exploiting the cobalt-rich crust (Rio Grande Rise) and polymetallic nodules (North Brazilian Chain). Despite the low levels of investment and technologies to explore huge depths in Brazilian EEZ and areas BNJ, the scientific programs and national policies pointed the resources of relevant mineral interest. Conservatively, the seabed resources of Brazilian EEZ and areas BNJ presented several peculiarities in the marine environment that demand certain instruments of mineral and environmental legislation be created in Brazil. Also, most of Brazilian programs and projects have few studies that focus on the impact of mining activities; instead, most focus on research and prospection to serve their scientific and economic interests. Special attention should be directed to seabed resources primarily for the South Atlantic, to establish a multi-use territory for present and future generations.
机译：被称为“蓝色亚马逊”的巴西经济专属区（EEZ）拥有世界上最丰富的海洋生态系统之一，具有巨大的海底资源潜力。本研究着重于巴西的现状，描述了专属经济区和国家管辖范围以外的巴西海上采矿作业的最新状况，并根据主要的制度安排以及对巴西的遵守情况进行了进一步分析。 《联合国海洋法公约》（UNCLOS）有关海底资源的条款。因此，对《经济法公约》关于巴西海底资源的文章进行了评估，评估其专属经济区和BJJ地区的资源以及为研究，勘探和开发这些资源而实施的资源和政策。在2000年至2017年期间，在巴西批准了《联合国海洋法公约》 22年之后，这些评估大多数都是投机性的，着眼于不久的将来对专属经济区海底资源的开采。 BNJ地区最近的研究首次显示了在开采富含钴的地壳（里奥格兰德河上升）和多金属结核（北巴西链）方面的经济和政治利益。尽管在巴西的专属经济区和BNJ地区进行深度勘探的投资和技术水平较低，但科学计划和国家政策还是指出了与矿产有关的资源。保守地讲，巴西专属经济区和BNJ地区的海底资源在海洋环境中表现出一些特殊性，要求在巴西建立某些矿产和环境法规。另外，巴西的大多数计划和项目都没有针对采矿活动影响的研究。取而代之的是，大多数公司专注于研究和勘探以服务其科学和经济利益。应该特别注意主要用于南大西洋的海底资源，为今世后代建立一个多用途领土。

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