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Does higher access ensure greater wellbeing? - In the perspective of forest ecosystem services of the Sundarbans mangrove forest, Bangladesh

机译：更高的访问权限能否确保更大的福祉？ -从孟加拉国桑达尔班斯红树林的森林生态系统服务的角度

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This study presents the effects of access to Ecosystem Services (ESS) on human wellbeing. In order to fulfil the research objective, we interviewed villagers from 104 households who were exclusively engaged in collecting ESS. Data were also collected from key informants, local leaders, and official records. Higher access (HA) to ESS significantly increased the availability of cleaner water for domestic non-drinking purposes. Access to sufficient food, however, was significantly lower across the HA households because of greater involvement in ESS collection. Overall, in this society, HA families enjoyed significantly greater freedom than Lower access (LA) families. Increased competition for ESS extraction resulting from higher access significantly reduced a collector's physical strength and had larger negative impacts on their mental health (self-esteem decreased and anger level increased) compared to LA collector. There were also significantly stronger financial conditions in the HA families than LA families. Greater access encouraged frequent collaboration and cooperation between HA collectors for collecting more ESS leading to a significant enhancement in social cohesion in compare to LA families. Composite wellbeing scores of the respective wellbeing criteria show that only physical health and economic security would significantly improve with greater access to ESS collection. Thus, ESS can have significant impacts on human wellbeing. However, without integration of other wellbeing improvement programs, sole dependency on the ecosystems would cause resource degradation. These results would greatly assist to improve the current framework of ESS and human wellbeing.
机译：这项研究提出了获得生态系统服务（ESS）对人类福祉的影响。为了实现研究目标，我们采访了104个专门收集ESS的家庭的村民。还从关键线人，地方领导人和官方记录中收集数据。较高的ESS利用率（HA）大大增加了用于家庭非饮用目的的清洁水的供应。但是，由于更多地参与了ESS的收集，医管局家庭中获得足够食物的机会大大减少。总体而言，在这个社会中，房委会家庭比低准入（LA）家庭享有更大的自由。与LA收集者相比，由于获得更多的机会而导致的ESS提取竞争加剧，大大降低了收集者的体力，并对他们的心理健康产生更大的负面影响（自尊降低，愤怒水平提高）。与洛杉矶家庭相比，房委会家庭的财务状况也要明显好得多。获得更多的机会鼓励房委会收集者之间经常开展协作与合作，以收集更多的社会服务，从而与洛杉矶家庭相比，社会凝聚力显着提高。各个健康标准的综合健康评分显示，只有获得更多的ESS收集资源，身体健康和经济安全才会得到显着改善。因此，环境与社会标准可能对人类福祉产生重大影响。但是，如果不整合其他福祉改善计划，仅依赖生态系统将导致资源退化。这些结果将大大有助于改善目前的环境与社会标准和人类福祉。

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