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Barriers and opportunities for social-ecological adaptation to climate change in coastal British Columbia

机译：不列颠哥伦比亚省沿海地区社会生态适应气候变化的障碍和机遇

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Climate change poses novel and complex challenges to planning, management, and policies for marine and coastal social-ecological systems. Despite ongoing discussion of adopting interventions for improving adaptation and adaptive capacity to climate change, practitioners often continue to carry out conventional management strategies that do not effectively incorporate climate change impacts and projections. Using a web-based survey and semi-structured interviews, we explored the perceptions of practitioners (coastal managers and planners) in British Columbia, Canada relative to climate change risks, adaptation actions for social and ecological systems, and barriers for adaptation within the region. Overall, practitioners shared a concern that climate change is not currently well incorporated in management or policy in this region, and noted significant implementation gaps. Practitioners expressed more support for ecological adaptation actions that are well suited to regional implementation, such as incorporating climate change projections into management and reducing fisheries over-exploitation, than for actions such as protecting specific areas. Social adaptation actions were overall perceived as less useful than ecological adaptation actions, and actions that would support local management and monitoring efforts were viewed as more useful than developing alternative livelihoods. The main barriers and associated opportunities for climate change adaptation in marine management included political action, reducing scientific uncertainty, improving communication, and increasing capacity (both funding and staff). Additional opportunities include effective engagement with Indigenous governance, improving policies and funding for adaptation including monitoring, and focusing efforts on communication and education programs specific to practitioners and communities. This study demonstrates the necessity of collaboration across scales of management for effective climate change adaptation.
机译：气候变化对海洋和沿海社会生态系统的规划，管理和政策提出了新的复杂挑战。尽管一直在讨论采取干预措施以改善对气候变化的适应能力和适应能力，但从业人员经常继续执行常规管理策略，而这些策略没有有效地纳入气候变化的影响和预测。通过基于网络的调查和半结构化访谈，我们探讨了加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省从业者（沿海管理者和规划者）对气候变化风险，社会和生态系统适应行动以及该地区适应障碍的看法。总体而言，从业人员对气候变化目前尚未很好地纳入该区域的管理或政策表示担忧，并指出实施方面存在重大差距。与保护特定区域等行动相比，从业者表示更多地支持非常适合区域实施的生态适应行动，例如将气候变化预测纳入管理并减少渔业过度开发。总体上认为，社会适应行动没有生态适应行动有用，而支持地方管理和监测工作的行动被认为比发展替代生计更有用。海洋管理中适应气候变化的主要障碍和相关机会包括政治行动，减少科学不确定性，改善沟通和增加能力（包括资金和人员）。其他机会包括有效参与土著人治理，改善政策和适应气候变化的资金（包括监测），以及将精力集中于针对从业者和社区的沟通和教育计划。这项研究表明，要想有效地适应气候变化，就必须在各个管理级别进行合作。

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